FEATURES OF ANIMAL FORM 33 



More highly organized tissues are the result of better 

 breeding. 



47. Substance refers to the size and number of the 

 individual units of structure and the gross amount of the 

 tissue into which they are organized. It is manifested by 

 the scale of the animal in general and the amount of any 

 one tissue in particular, such as bone. Quality and sub- 

 stance are not correlated, but more or less of each is essen- 

 tial, depending upon the type of the animal. 



48. Condition. An animal is in condition when in 

 that state most favorable to the performance or produc- 

 tion peculiar to his class or type. Condition is the result 

 of fitting, a process involving a balance between feed and 

 work during which the animal accumulates or reduces 

 fat until the optimum degree of obesity is attained. In 

 block animals and even in market draft horses the maxi- 

 mum degree of fatness is desired, and its accumulation is 

 favored by most liberal feeding of a wide, fat-forming 

 ration and frequently almost complete prohibition of exer- 

 cise, while the race horse and dairy cow are capable of 

 their best performance when their normal amount of fat 

 is reduced to the minimum by a course of exercise of their 

 respective functions which is offset only by a carefully 

 guarded narrow ration. 



49. Constitution represents such capacity of the vital 

 functions, respiration, circulation and digestion especially, 

 as will insure longevity, fecundity and maximum efficiency 

 in performance or production. It is indicated chiefly by 

 a large, open nostril, the spring and length of the rib, 

 both fore and back, a sleek appearance of coat, an ex- 

 pression of vigor in the eye and countenance and a general 

 appearance of thrift about the animal, although the latter 

 evidences of constitution may all be temporarily impaired 



