FEATURES OF ANIMAL FORM 



53 



Eleven years. The tables of the intermediate uppers 

 are worn away and the corners show wear. The lower 

 corners have become round and the obliquity of the jaws 

 is still greater. 



Twelve years. The tables of all the upper teeth are 

 worn, those of the lowers are dis- 

 tinctly round and the angle of the 

 jaw is increased. 



Beyond this age the indications 

 of the mouth are based upon the 

 increasing obliquity of the jaws 

 (Fig. 31), giving a more acute angle 

 of incidence of the teeth, the in- 

 creasing changes in the size and 

 shape of all the teeth (Fig. 32), due 

 to their being worn closer to the 

 roots and the narrowing and flat- 

 tening of the lower and upper jaws, 

 respectively, the result of the tissues 

 closing in and crowding the roots of 

 the teeth down so as to keep the worn 

 tables in contact (Figs. 33 and 34). 



66. Bishoping is quite commonly practiced on the 

 mouths of second-hand horses that are offered for sale. 

 It consists in burning into the table of the tooth a cup to re- 

 place the one which has been worn out with age. Mouths 

 are usually bishoped to resemble the appearance of the 

 cups at 6 or 7 years of age. The made-over mouth can 

 be detected by the fact that the appearance of the cups 

 is not in accord with the angle or shape of the teeth. Un- 

 less skillfully done the burned cup itself can be recognized, 

 and there will not be the ring of enamel which surrounds 

 the cup of the normal tooth. 



FIG. 34. Cross section 

 of an incisor tooth, 

 showing how the shape 

 changes with advanc- 

 ing years. 



