208 



LIVE-STOCK JUDGING 



always be considered to gauge a cow's productive capac- 

 ity. The mammary (milk) veins and wells are accessories 

 which may be valuable aids in determining the capacity 

 of an udder, especially if the cow is not in full milk. 

 The mammary (milk) veins are the blood vessels which 

 carry the blood away from the udder and the wells are 

 the orifices in the abdominal wall through which the veins 



L.B. 



G.R.M. 



C. 



FIG. 104. Section of cow's udder. G.R.M. , lymph gland of udder; 

 L.p., lymphatics of hindquarter ; L.a., lymphatics of forequarter ; 

 L.E., lymphatics leaving the udder; A.M., mammary artery; 

 V.M ., mammary vein ; V.Ma., anterior mammary vein ; C, trans- 

 verse inter-mammary septum. (After Moussu.) 



enter to unite with the general venous system. Their 

 significance lies in the fact that their capacity is propor- 

 tioned to the amount of blood which is supplied to the 

 udder, the arteries being so deep seated as not to be visible 

 (Fig. 104). 1 A vein of large caliber and tortuous course 

 indicates a large flow of blood to the udder, while a small 

 vein passing directly from the udder to its well indicates 



1 The so-called milk veins are designated, anatomically, as the anterior 

 mammary veins to distinguish them from the middle and posterior mam- 

 mary veins which together drain the venous ring at the base of the udder. 



