1916. No. 8. MONOGRAPH OF THE NORWEGIAN PHYSCIACEAE. 21 



Universalis p. 497 : pycnides numerous, frequently congested in low, 

 semiglobose papillae. 4) f. crinalis (SCHLEICH.) SCHAER. Enumeratio p. 10: 

 very narrow, tomentose laciniae (I have never seen f. crinalis in Norway 

 as distributed in ANZI Lich. Lang. 258 B). 



The hair-like emergences of Anapt. ciliaris are found on the whole 

 surface, especially on the cilia; at the base of the cilia the gonidia are 

 always very numerous. The hairs must be looked upon as water-absor- 

 bing organs. Their efficiency is easily seen. Place a dry tomentose 

 cilia under the glass and near it a naked cilia of the var. melanosticta. Add 

 water. The tomentose cilia will absorb water momentaneously, surrounding 

 itself with a hood of water; the naked cilia also absorb water as does 

 every fragment of a Lichen, but less quickly. The tomentose type grows 

 on stems where every available drop of rain must be utilized; var. melano- 

 sticta which is most frequently naked or at least less tomentose grows on 

 maritime rocks in humid air and is frequently sprinkled by the waves. 



Var. melanosticta easily falls a victim to herbarium insects if not care- 

 fully disinfected. This is frequently the case with nitrophilous Lichens, 

 and maritime Lichens are often nitrophilous. I have, however, made no 

 special observations in nature about the nitrophily of this variety. 



II. Physda (SCHREB.) WAIN. 



SCHREBER Gen. Pant. II (1791) p. 767 p. p. WAINIO Etude sur la 

 classif. . . . des lichens du Brsil. Acta Soc. p. Fauna et Flora Fennica 

 vol. VII (1890) p. 138 (ubi syn.). ZAHLBRUCKNER Lichenes (Flechten) B. 

 Specieller Teil, in ENGLER u. PRANTL. Die naturlichen Pflanzenfam. I i * 

 (1907) p. 234. 



Syn. Borrera ACH. p. p., Dimelaena b. Phyllothallae NORM., Parmelia 

 KBR., Squamaria MASS. 



Thallus of varying size, laciniae multifid. elongate or short, upper 

 cortex formed of hyphae more or less perpendicular to the 

 surface, in some species plectenchymatous, hyphae constrictedly septate 

 or even moniliform. Medulla in some species gradually transformed into 

 the lower cortex, in others well marked off from it. Hyphae of the lower 

 cortex more or less parallel to the surface. Gonidia according to ZAHL- 

 BRUCKNER 1. c. Protococcns. 



Apothecia middle-sized or small, gonidia crowded in the margin, less 

 numerous under the hypothecium and (or) within the cortex of the recep- 

 tacle. Paraphyses conglutinate, incrassate at the apices, septate, undivided 



