IQI6. No. 8. MONOGRAPH OF THE NORWEGIAN PHYSCIACEAE. 7 



these species are quite as frequent or even more so in the lowlands. The 

 richest flora of Physciaceae is found on maritime and subalpine rocks, and 

 on the bark of certain deciduous trees (Populus, A/nus, Fraxinus). 



There is a greater number of species in Southern than in Northern 

 Norway. On the other hand the number of individuals is greater at some 

 places in Northern Norway (maritime rocks, and the vast Alnus incana 

 forests along the rivers). There is no Atlantic species among the 

 Physciaceae, and the Physcia flora is better developed in Eastern than in 

 Western Norway. - - The Trondhjem district and the southern part of 

 Nordland have been but poorly investigated. This is deplorable, for 

 several species have their northern limit of distribution in those provinces. 



Anaplychia ciliaris (the type) is a south-eastern species, northern limit 

 Trondhjem; the var. melanosticta, however, is distributed along our whole 

 coast. This is probably also the case with An. fusca. An. speciosa is a 

 rare species of southern continental distribution. 



The Physcia oi^sza-section is well represented in the whole country, 

 as is also the Ph. stellaris-section with the exception of Ph. ascendens and 

 Ph. tenella, the former species being only recorded as far north as Trond- 

 hjem, the latter (type) to Lofoten and single specimens to Tromse; its 

 var. marina, however, is found all along our coast. Physcia pulverulenta is a 

 south-eastern species, poorly represented in Western and Northern Norway. 

 Physcia grisea is exclusively southern, Ph. obscura and Ph. virella are rare 

 north of Trondhjem, and north of Lofoten the latter is only recorded on 

 rocks. Ph. lithotea is equally frequent everywhere, Ph. endococcina, Ph. 

 sciastrella and Ph. tremulicola are rare southern species, the former recor- 

 ded in a single specimen as far north as Harstad. 



This monograph is chiefly based on the collections of the Botanic 

 Museum of Kristiania. I have also borrowed valuable material from the 

 Botanic Museums of Upsala (herb. TH. FRIES), Helsingfors (herb. NYLANDER), 

 Bergen and Trondhjem, and from Mr. J. J. HAVAAS, Granvin in Hard- 

 anger. My old teacher, Dr. ZAHLBRUCKNER, Vienna, has unfailingly assisted 

 me by word and deed, Mr. WAINIO, Helsingfors, sent me some authentic 

 specimens, Mr. G. EINAR du RIETZ, Stockholm, gave me information con- 

 cerning Swedish Physciae. Miss A. L. SMITH, London, has rendered 

 literary help, and Mrs. JOHANNE KRAFFT LYNGE, has drawn the figures and 

 assisted in the reading of the proof-sheets. I desire to express my 

 profound gratitude to the directors of the above mentioned museums, and 

 to all the scientists and others who have rendered me their greatly 

 appreciated help. 



