50 BERNT LYNGE. M.-N. Kl. 



Exsic. CLAUDEL et HARMAND Lich. Gall, praecip. 492. FLOERKE 

 Deutsche Flechten 172. FRIES Lich. Suec. 76 (approaches f. angustata}. 

 FUNCK Crypt. Gew. ed. II, no. HAVAAS Lich. Norv. 107 (narrow laci- 

 niae, approaches . f. angustata}. HEPP Flechten Europas 874 (with good 

 drawing of spores). LEIGHTON Lich. Brit. 49. MIGULA Kryptogamen 13. 

 NORRLINN et NYLANDER 212. RABENHORST Lich. Eur. 96. STENHAMMAR 

 Lich. Suec. 72. 



Thallus moderate or large, orbicular, diam. up to 12 13 cm., firm, 

 closely appressed. Rhizinae black, long, penicillately branched or furcate. 

 Laciniae plane and smooth, elongate, narrow : ca. i mm. broad, rounded, 

 truncate or emarginate and widened at their ends, otherwise equally broad. 

 Laciniae contiguous or (usually closely) imbricate, multifido-laciniate 

 or repeatedly di-or trichotomously divided with acute angles. The central 

 part of the thallus frequently sprinkled with or even covered by numerous 

 short, undivided or slightly branched narrowly fixed, secondary laciniae. 

 Thallus opaque, without isidia or soredia, but more or less albo-prui- 

 nose, especially at the circumference, and on the secondary laciniae, 

 sometimes on the whole thallus. The colour from greyish, brown 

 to nut-brown, sometimes with a tinge of lilac, moistened apple- 

 green, under side black. 



Thallus covered with a colourless, amorphous stratum of varying 

 thickness, which later breaks up and forms the pruina.- Cortex at the 

 surface yellowish-brown, otherwise uncoloured, 40 80 /i thick, cortical 

 hyphae 5 7 thick, distinctly septate, not plectenchymatous, of indeter- 

 minate direction, but many of them more or less perpendicular to the sur- 

 face, at least at the exterior part. Cortical hyphae sometimes growing out 

 as hair-like, pellucid emergences. Gonidia glomerate in a continuous 

 stratum of varying distance from the surface, at times very near it. Me- 

 dulla white, 130 190 * thick; its hyphae 3 5 4 u thick, loosely interlaced, 

 more or less parallel to the surface, and gradually transformed into the 

 lower cortex. Lower cortex in the inner part uncoloured, otherwise black 

 or brownish-black, 30 50 (80) f.i thick. 



Apothecia numerous, usually scattered and rounded, diam. 3 5 mm., 

 or crowded and angular, owing to mutual pressure. Margin thick, persi- 

 stent, entire or more frequently crenate or more or less crowned 

 by thalline lacinuli. Receptacle rugose, black around the centre, 

 otherwise yellowish-grey, without rhizinae. Cortex from 20 (margin) to 

 200 (centre) ,u thick, exterior central part black, otherwise almost uncolou- 

 red. Hyphae thick, perpendicular to the surface with small interstices. 

 Gonidia crowded in the margin, numerous within the thin cortical stratum, 



