192 



BRITISH PLANTS 



II. Succulent Fruits. 1. Formed from the carpels only, 

 or, if the receptacle takes part, it is not predominant : 



(a) Fruit not capable of being broken open e.g., 

 Drupe, a usually one-seeded stone-fruit. 



(b) Fruit easily broken open and seeds liberated 

 e.g., Berry, usually many-seeded. 



--a 



FIG. 96. SCHIZOCARP (CREMO- 

 CARP) OF FENNEL, SHOWING THE 

 Two MERICARPS SPLIT APART. 



FIG. 97. SCHIZOCARP or 

 MALLOW. 



a, calyx. 



In the drupe (Fig. 98) e.g., plum the pericarp is 

 differentiated into three layers : the outer skin (epicarp) 

 tough, and covered with wax or hairs ; the middle part 

 fleshy (mesocarp) ; the inner (endocarp) hard and stony, 



FIG. 98. DRUPE OF PEACH CUT LONGITUDINALLY. 

 a, outer skin ; b, fleshy portion ; c, stone ; d, seed. 



enclosing one and sometimes two seeds. In the black- 

 berry and raspberry the fruit is an aggregate of little 

 drupes, the product of a single flower ; the ovary consists 

 of a number of free carpels, each of which separately 

 becomes a drupe. In the mulberry, on the other hand, 



