HEDGEROWS 295 



It. repens (creeping buttercup), open ; divided leaf. 



Rumex crispus (dock), open, dry. 



R. obtusifolius (broad-leaved dock), open, dry. 



Sagina procumbens (pearlwort), open, dry. 



Scrophularia nodosa (figwort), damp, shade. 



Sedum Telephium (live-long), dry, shade. 



Senecio erucifolius (hoary ragwort), dry ; divided leaf. 



S. Jacobcea (common ragwort), dry ; divided leaf. 



S. vulgar is (groundsel). 



Sonchus arvensis (sow-thistle), dry. 



Spircea Ulmaria (meadow-sweet), moist, shade ; divided leaf. 



Stellaria graminea, shade. 



S. Holostea (greater stitchwort), shade. 



S. media (chickweed), prostrate. 



Symphytum officinale (comfrey), moist, shade. 



Urtica dioica (nettle), dry. 



Veronica Ghamcedrys (germander-speedwell), shade. 



F. officinalis (common speedwell), dry, open. 



Viola odorata (sweet violet), shade. 



F. sylvatica (dog-violet), shade. 



Among grasses the most common are : Bromus sterilis 

 (barren brome), B. mollis (soft brome), Arrhenatherum 

 avenaceum (false oat), Avena fatua (wild oat), A. sativa 

 (cultivated oat), Festuca Myuros (wall-fescue), Briza 

 media (quaking grass), Brachypodium sylvaticum (false 

 brome), Triticum repens (couch-grass), Agrostis vulgar is 

 (fine bent-grass), Hordeum murinum (barley), Poa annua, 

 and Air a flexuosa. 



Where the climate is moist, ferns occupy an important 

 position in the vegetation of the hedgerow. The most 

 frequent are : Scolopendrium vulgar e (hart's-tongue), Aspi- 

 dium Filix-mas (male-fern), A. aculeatum (prickly shield- 

 fern), Athyrium Filix-fcemina (lady-fern) ; where the soil 

 is sandy : Blechnum Spicant (hard fern), Asplenium 

 Adiantum-nigrum (black spleenwort) and Polypodium 

 vulgar e (common polypody). In west Britain and Ireland 

 Osmunda regalis (royr,l fern) is often common in the 

 hedgerow. 



The strip of waste ground between the hedge and the 

 road is tenanted by a very mixed vegetation, especially 

 if the soil is frequently disturbed. The first plants to 

 appear are annuals e.g., Poa annua, shepherd's-purse, 

 and groundsel -but if left undisturbed the soil becomes 

 covered with a grass-community, and many of the weeds 

 disappear. In addition to many plants of the dry hedge- 

 bank, the following may occur : clovers, Medicago lupulina 

 (black medick), Plantago major (great plantain), Melilotus 



