GENERAL INDEX 



305 



Economic botany, 150 



Edaphie factors, 8, 84 



Eel-worm, 135 



Egg-cell, 162 



Elder : berries, 149 ; bud-protection, 



61 ; bud-scales, 61 

 Elementary species, 205, 221 

 Elm : bud-scales, 61 ; pollination, 



167 ; seed, 154 ; suckers, *155 

 Elodea, 56, 215, 234 

 Embryo-sac, *163 

 Embryo, storage of food in, 146 

 Empetrum, 43 

 Enehanter's-nightshade, 197. See 



Circcea 

 Endemic, 208 

 Endoearp, 192 

 Endosperm, *146, *147 

 Enemies of plants, 135 

 Energy, 7 ; solar, 4, 65 

 Engler, 219 



Entomophilous flowers, 167 ; classi- 

 fication of, 172 

 Environment : adaptation to, 3, 105, 



203 ; factors of, 4 

 Epicarp, 192 

 Epidermis, *26, *27 

 Epiphytes, 121 ; seeds of, 122 ; of 



woods, 266 ; xerophytic nature of, 



121 

 Epipogum aphyllum, saprophyte, 



124 

 Erica, 39, leaf, 43 ; stomata, 40, 



ciliaris, 213, cinerea, *41 ; 



Mackayi, 213 ; mediterranea, 213 ; 



Tetralix, *43, pollination, 173 ; 



vagans, 213. See Heath 

 Erica Tetralix-moor, 231, 250, 252 

 Erieoid type of leaf, *43 

 Erigeron canadense, 216 

 Eriocaulon. 214 



Eriophorum. See Cotton-grass 

 Eriophorum (cotton-grass) moor, 



231, 250, 251, 253, 254, 255 

 E r odium : dispersal of fr., 195; 



structure of fr., 190, *191 

 Eryngium maritimum, 59 

 Estuarine marshes, 231 

 Eucalyptus leaves, 46 

 Euphorbia, 105 ; latex, 142 ; hiberna, 



213 ; Peplis, 57 

 Euphrasia, 220 ; parasitic nature, 



126 



Europe, climate and veg. of, 21 

 Evaporation, 34, 76 

 Evening-primrose: honey, 173; inn., 



180 ; time of opening, 174 



Evergreen coniferous woods, 22, 265, 



273 

 Evergreen dicotyledonous woods, 16, 



23 

 Evergreen oak, 23, 212 ; perennials, 



109 ; plants, 10, 16, 29, 30, 31 ; 



rain-forests, 23 ; xerophytes, 39 

 Everlasting pea. See Lathyrus lati- 



folia 

 Evolution, 201 ; theory, 202 ; of 



aquatics, 55 ; flowers, 168 ; thorns, 



139 

 Eyebright, 220. See Euphrasia 



False fruits, 193 



False oat, swollen stem, 111, * 113 



Farming in British Isles, 19 



Fats and oils, 5 ; storage in seeds, 147 



Felspar, 81 



Fennel, nectaries, *170 



Ferns, 62 ; Filmy, 29 ; Killarney, 29, 



214 



Fertilization, 164 

 Festuca - Agrostis - Anthoxanthum 



association, 250 

 Festuca ovina, viviparous, 160 

 Ficus. See Fig 

 Fig, 212 ; fr., 193, *194 ; symbiosis 



with insects, 133 

 Figwort : fls., 177 ; pollination, 174. 



See Scrophularia 

 Filament, 162 

 Fir, 22 ; resin of, 142 

 Flax, oil, 148 

 Fleabane, 218 



Fleshy roots, 150 ; of xerophytes, 41 

 Flies, visiting fls., 172, 173, 174 

 Floating leaves, 51 ; manna-grass 



(see Glyceria fluitans) 

 Flora, Alpine, 210 ; discontinuous, 



211 ; of Great Britain, 209 ; Irish* 



214 ; Lusitanian, 211 ; Pre-glacial, 



212 



Floras, list of, 232 

 Flour, 148 

 Flowers: anemophilous, 166 bee-, 



174; butterfly-, 174; cleisto- 



gamous, f!65 ; dimorphic, 177; 



entomophilous, 167 ; honey-, 169 ; 



and insects, 167, 178 ; moth-, 174 ; 



pollen-, 168 ; protandrous, 177 ; 



protogynous, 177 ; self-pollinated, 



164, 165 ; sleep-movements in, 



71 ; structure of, 162, * 163 ; time 



of opening, 174 ; trap-, 175 ; tri- 



morphic, 177 ; unisexual, 176 ; 



wasp-, 174 ; water- pollinated, 166 

 20 



