certain species may produce two or even three broods in a summer, and in sub- 

 tropical or tropical lands there may be even more broods produced. 



While it is true that almost all the larvae of lepidoptera subsist upon vegetable 

 food, there are nevertheless exceptions, one of which is that of the Harvester, 

 Feniseca tarqyinius (see Plate LXXXVIII, Fig. 1), the slug-like larva of which feeds 

 upon scale-insects, or mealy bugs, sharing the habit with certain allied species 

 which occur in Africa and Asia, as the writer has had occasion to point out a num- 

 ber of years ago in certain of his writings. 



THE PUPA, OR CHRYSALIS 



The third stage in the life of lepidoptera is known as the pupal stage. The 

 caterpillar, having undergone successive moults and reached maturity, is trans- 

 formed into a pupa, or chrysalis (see Plate C, Figs, d and e). From having been 

 an active, worm-like creature, greedily feeding upon its appropriate food, it reverts 

 to a form which is stationary, as was the egg, and ceases to have the power of loco- 

 motion. An examination of the structure of all chrysalids shows that they contain 

 an immature butterfly. The segments of the chrysalids enclose the corresponding 

 segments of the body of the butterfly, and in sheathing plates of chitinous matter 

 are enfolded the wings and all the other organs which are necessary to the life of 



34 



