main until the time of its emergence as a butterfly. These changes are illustrated on 

 Plate C, Figs a-d, which are reproduced from " The Butterfly Book " after the draw- 

 ings of the late Prof. C. V. Riley. The chrysalids of all the Nymphalidse are 

 pendant; those of the other families, except the Hesperiidse, are provided with 

 girdles, as is shown on Plate C, in the figures which represent the chrysalis of 

 Papilio philenor. The chrysalids of the Hesperiidse, like the chrysalids of moths, 

 are either formed in loosely woven coverings of leaves tacked together with silken 

 threads, or lie free under leaves and rubbish upon the ground, thus resembling the 

 chrysalids of moths. 



Chrysalids are for the most part rather obscure in coloring, though some are 

 quite brilliantly marked with metallic spots as in the case of the common Milk- 

 weed Butterfly, Anosia plexippus, the chrysalis of which is pearly green in color, 

 ornamented with bright golden spots. 



The forms assumed by chrysalids are very various, especially among the 

 Nyrnphalidse, and they are often ornamented with curious projections and tubercles, 

 imparting to them very odd outlines. 



Some butterflies remain in the chrysalis stage for only a few days or weeks 

 others pass the winter in this state, and this is true of many of the species which 

 are found in the colder parts of North America. In temperate regions some butter- 

 flies have as many as three broods : the spring brood, which comes forth from chrys- 



36 



