for walking, and therefore carried folded up against the breast. This is the largest of 

 all the families of butterflies and has been subdivided into many subfamilies. 

 Some of the genera are composed of small species, but most of them are made up of 

 large or medium-sized forms. To this family belong many of the most gorgeously 

 colored butterflies of the tropics, among them the brilliant blue Morphos of equa- 

 torial America. 



The caterpillars, when they emerge from the egg, have heads much greater in 

 diameter than the rest of their bodies. In the earlier stages the bodies taper from 

 before backward, and are adorned with little wart-like protuberances, which bear 

 hairs. In later stages these little protuberances in many genera are replaced by 

 branching spines and fleshy projections, which impart to the caterpillars a forbid- 

 ding appearance. The mature caterpillar generally has a cylindrical body, but in 

 the subfamilies, SatyrincB and Morphines, the larvae are thicker at the middle, ta- 

 pering forward and backward. 



The chrysalids, which are generally marked by metallic spots, always hang 

 suspended by the tail, except in the case of a few arctic species, which are found 

 under a frail covering composed of strands of silk woven about the roots of tufts of 

 grass, under which the larva takes shelter at the time of pupation. 



In the region with which this booklet deals all the butterflies belonging to the 

 Nymphalidce fall naturally into one or the other of the following subfamilies: (1) the 



