This butterfly and the three which follow belong to a group 

 of the genus which in England is represented by P. machaon 

 of the fens of Cambridgeshire and Norfolk. There are many 

 species evidently derived in past time from common stock, 

 which are found in America, and the writer believes that 

 the original centre of dispersion was this continent, and that the 

 English Swallow T -tail represents the most western range of the 

 migration, which probably began in Tertiary times, w r hen 

 the horse, the camel, and other North American animals passed 

 over into Asia and became subsequently extinct in the land 

 of their origin. P. machaon still exists in Alaska as the variety 

 P. aliaska Scudder. 



P. polyxenes, more commonly known by its later name P. 

 asterius, or P. asterias, is found all over the Atlantic States 

 and the Mississippi Valley. The caterpillar feeds upon 

 umbelliferous plants, and is very partial to fennel. Expanse 

 2.75-3.25 inches. 



(11) Papilio brevicauda Saunders, Plate CXXIV, ? (The 

 Newfoundland Swallow-tail). 



There are two forms, one found on Anticosti, in which the 

 spots on the upper side of the wings are bright yellow, the 



195 



PL. cxxv 



