1 6 Breeding Plants and Animals. 



yet in the future, if, indeed, there is such a thing as. a 

 limit to the changes which may be produced in living 

 form through selection and hybridization. Special va- 

 rieties are needed in many localities peculiar in soil 

 and climate. Varieties are needed which can be pro- 

 duced in the North and are better adapted to sending 

 South for seed, as is now done with some varieties. 

 Kinds with more starch are needed for the manufac- 

 turers of starch and starch products. 



The yield of wheat in America is ridiculously lo\v, 

 only half wheat. But results are different with the 

 director of the plant breeding experiment station of 

 Svalof, Sweden. Here a semi-public experiment station 

 produces new varieties of wheat and also other crops, 

 thoroughly tests the many kinds, and distributes thru 

 a co-operative organization those few which are proven 

 to be markedly superior to the kinds commonly grown. 



On this continent, Carmen, in New York ; Blount, in 

 Colorado ; Saunders, in Canada ; Haynes, in North Da- 

 kota; Hays, in Minnesota, and others have each given 

 to the public one or more new varieties of improved 

 wheats. Others, as Shepperd, in North Dakota; Carl- 

 ton, of Washington, D. C. ; Atkinson, in Iowa ; Chil- 

 cott and Sundaers, in South Dakota ; and Bull, of Illi- 

 nois, are now taking up the work of making improved 

 varieties of wheat especially suited to their respective 

 states. Blue stem varieties or classes of spring wheat 

 which hold full sway in the middle Northwest; Tur- 

 key Red winter wheat, which leads all others in area 

 in the Great Plain States; the wheats of the P'oulouse 

 region of the Atlantic States, and the special wheats 

 of each minor locality, are nearly all imported from 

 Europe. And now the macaroni wheats of Southeast- 

 ern Europe are coming into prominence in that semi- 

 arid zone where the agricultural districts and ranch 

 plain join. Each and everyone of these winter and 

 spring bread wheats, also the -macaroni wheats, can 

 doubtless be improved by selection so as to yield ten 

 or even twenty per cent more value per acre. At least 



