viii Contents 



CHAPTER PAGES 



III. PHYSICAL SCIENCE THE NON- ACADEMIC HERIT- 

 AGE DURING THE SEVENTEENTH AND EIGHTEENTH 



CENTURIES - 72-105 



Distinction between amateurs and professional men 

 of science Robert Boyle's life and work Boyle's law 

 Optical and chemical experiments Taylor's theorem 

 Early history of the Royal Society First record 

 of electric spark by Hauksbee Isolation of argon 

 forestalled Joseph Priestley, chemical production 

 of oxygen Composition of water Direct proof of 

 gravitational attraction by Cavendish Michell's tor- 

 sion balance Horrocks, first observation of transit 

 of Venus Molyneux William Herschel, discovery 

 of Uranus and other astronomical work Discovery of 

 infra-red radiations Importance of construction of 

 scientific instruments Oughtred's slide-rule Gas- 

 coigne's eyepiece -micrometer Hadley's sextant Tem- 

 perature compensation of pendulum by Graham and 

 Harrison Divided circles Ramsden's eyepiece 

 Achromatism : More Hall and Dollond Early history 

 of steam engine : Somerset, Savery, Papin, Newcomen 

 Improvements by James Watt Invention of con- 

 denser First locomotive constructed by Trevithick 

 First compound engine by Hornblower Murdock and 

 illuminating gas Bramah's hydraulic press. 



IV. PHYSICAL SCIENCE THE HERITAGE OF THE 



NINETEENTH CENTURY <-."".-* - 106-142 



Nicholson's electrolytic decomposition of water Cor- 

 relation of physical forces Count Rumford's generation 

 of heat by mechanical power Humphry Davy Dis- 

 covery of laughing gas Isolation of metallic potassium 

 and sodium Safety lamp Revival of scientific re- 

 search at Cambridge Woodhouse, Peacock, Whewell 

 Physical optics advanced by Airy and Baden Powell 

 The golden age of mathematical physics at Cambridge 

 Green Stokes' researches on light and hydrodynamics 

 Fluorescence Discovery of Neptune by Adams 

 Sylvester, Cayley, Routh Miller's work on crystallo- 

 graphy Physical science in the Scottish Universities 

 Maximum density of water discovered by Hope 

 Leslie's investigations on radiant heat Brewster's 

 researches on light Important work of Forbes Tait, 

 Chrystal, Kelland Rankine and conservation of energy 

 James Thomson Hamilton, discovery of conical 

 refraction Physical science in Ireland Trinity College 



