198 RESEARCH 





complete biological survey, which (to take a single 

 example of its work) enabled the first thorough 

 account to be given of the zonal and general distribu- 

 tion of seaweeds in relation to habitat on any coast 

 of the British Isles. Other more distant island 

 investigations have included those on Sokotra, off the 

 eastern horn of Africa, of which the flora and fauna 

 were unknown until a committee of the Association 

 undertook the work (1879-82) ; the investigation into 

 the then state of knowledge of the zoology and botany 

 of the West Indies (1887-97), and the very impor- 

 tant investigation of the zoology of the Hawaiian 

 islands 1 (1892-1 900). 



Several other explorations which received assist- 

 ance from the Association had valuable results for 

 zoology and botany, although classified under the 

 Section of Geography. Such were the expeditions 

 of Mr. (afterwards Sir) Harry Johnston to Kilima- 

 njaro and the adjacent parts of east central Africa, 

 whose zoological and botanical collections were ex- 

 amined by a series of experts, and Dr. H. 0. Forbes' 

 journey in New Guinea. Among other exploring 

 journeys aided by the Association we may instance 

 those of J. Theodore Bent in Abyssinia, those of 

 Bruce in the Antarctic on board the Scotia, and in 

 Spitsbergen, ' and that of Sir Everard im Thurn to 

 Mount Roraima in British Guiana. Other activities 

 of the Association in promulgating geographical 

 exploration appear elsewhere in this record. 



Among the many purely botanical researches, 

 reference can only be made to a few. The important 

 and extensive contributions by British botanists 



1 Called the Sandwich Islands in the terras of reference. The 

 memoirs are published under the title of Fauna Hawaiiensis. 



