66 BIRDS BROWN ABOVE AND WHITE BELOW. 



without, however, associating with other birds. It 

 has two vocal utterances, generally emitted as the 

 bird stands at the top of a hedge ; one, a single, loud, 

 plaintive note ; the other, being its song, consists of 

 two notes differing in pitch, and uttered hurriedly 

 many times in unbroken succession so as to form a 

 jerky trill. Mild weather provokes the Hedge-Sparrow 

 to song at any time of the year ; but the plaintive 

 note is heard mostly in the still autumn air, and the 

 song opens vigorously in February, being one of the 

 first of spring songs. 



REDBREAST 5| inches ; although in general shape similar 

 to the Hedge-Sparrow, the upper parts are olive-brown 

 without dark streaks, the breast red, and the song a 

 highly varied warble. 



HOUSE-SPARROW 6 inches; crown, nape, and lower 

 back ash-gray ; throat black ; sides of face and of neck 

 and under parts ashy- white ; bill short, conical. Note, 

 shrill chirp. 



TREE-SPARROW 5 inches ; head plain chestnut-brown; 

 throat black ; sides of neck and under parts grayish- 

 white ; bill short, conical. Note, shrill chirp. 



CRESTED TITMOUSE. Plate 31. Length, 

 4 \ inches. Upper parts olive-brown ; lower parts 

 whitish, with a tinge of buff; sides of face and 

 neck white ; collar and separate patch behind the 

 ear black ; crest black, white-edged. Resident. 



Eggs. 5-8, or more, white, spotted with reddish- 

 brown, chiefly at the larger end ; '62 * *48 inch 

 (plate 124). 



Nest. Of dry grass, moss, wool, hair, and feathers, 

 placed in a hole in a tree, a rotten stump, or gate- 



