GENERAL INDEX. 



753 



Bnthiergus maritimus, or Cape mole, anatomy of the, iv. 



369, et seq. 



Batrachia, a class of Vertebrated Animals. See AMPHI- 

 BIA. 



ciliary motion in, i. 628 63''. 

 digestive organs of, s. 301. 

 lungs of, s. v-82. 



effects of slightly elevated temperature on, iii. 36. 

 ova of, s. 51. [9L] 



structure of the ripe ovarian ovum, s. [91.1 



embryonic development, s. [93.] 



yolk-substance, s. [93.] 



germinal vesicle, s. [03.] 



vitelliue membrane, s. [94 ] 



formation of the ovum, and changes in its progress, 



pancreas of Batrachia, s. 91. 

 pelvis of, s. 171. 

 teeth of, iv. 885. 

 tliymus gland of, iv. 1098. 

 thyroid gland in, iv. 1109. 

 tongue of, iv. 1146. 

 vocal organs and voice of, iv. 1502. 

 Bats, i. 594. See CHEIROPTERA. 



hibernation of the, ii. 704. See HIBERNATION. 

 organs and mode of locomotion on land, iii. 455. 

 pelvis of, s. l'J4. 



of the ternate bat, s. 1G4. 

 wings and powers of flight of the, iii. 430. 



extreme sensibility to touch in the wings of the 



bat.iv. 1182. 

 Bear, dentition of the, iv. 908. 



organs of voice of the, iv. 1489. 



Beaver (Castor fiber), anatomy of the, iv. 370, et seq. 

 its mode of constructing its habitations, hi. 10, 11. 

 digestive organs of the, s. 303. 

 organs of voice of the, iv. 14 .2. 

 urine of the, iv. 1280. 

 \Veberian organ in the, iv. 1419. 1428. 

 Beef fat, chemical characters of, ii. 233. 

 Bees (Apidae), ii. 8G5. 



food of humble and hive-bees, ii. 865. 

 sting of, lateral view of the, ii. 992. 

 wings of, iii. 423. 



powers of fl ght of bees, iii. 423. 



precision of the straight line in which they return 



home, iii. 423. 

 mode used by collectors of honey to discover 



bees' nests, iii. 423. 

 hive-bees, instincts of, iii. 18. 



in the construction of their hives, iii. 18. 

 in their out-door operations, iii. 19. 

 in feeding their young, iii. 19 

 in their devotion to their queen, iii. 19. 

 deviations of the instincts of bees, and their ac- 

 commodation to circumstances, iii. 19. 

 murder of the drones on the approach of winter, 



iii. 20. 

 humble (Bombus terrestris). thoracic spiracle of the, 



iv. 1505. 

 Beet-root, considered as an article of food, s. 395. 



composition of beet-root, s. 395 

 Beetles, ii. 859. 



characters of, ii. 859. 



tribes and suo-tribes of, ii. 859, 860. 



various species of, ii. 859863. 



association of the males of Hoplia argentea, iii. 16. 



instance of mental operations in the proceedings of one, 



iii. 21. 



mode ot flight of the, iii. 421. 



nervous system of the, iii. 610. 



Belching, or simple eructation, s. 316. 



causes, s. 316. 



Belemnites, or thunder-stones, i. 520. 

 belladonna, use of, in case of muscular disturbance, iii. 



721. H. 



Berber races, characters of the, iv. 1357. 

 Kerberines. See Bardbra. 

 Beroe pileus, i. 1' 9; iii. 533. 



organs of locomotion '.of, i. 33. 



mode of progression of, iii. 433. 



question whether it has nervous filaments or not, iii. 



(502. 



structure of the integuments of, s. 485. 

 Bezoar stones, formation of, in the stomach of the chamois, 



s. 538. 

 Biceps lemoris muscle, iv. 61. 



flexor cubiti muscle, i. 216, 217. 359 ; ii. 63. 103. 264. 



363 ; iv. 575, 756. 

 flexor cruris vel femoris muscle, iii. 44 : iv. 1118; 



s. 137. 

 Bicipital groove of humerus, ii. 159. 



tuberosity, or tubercle of the radius, ii. 1G3. 

 Bicorne ligamentum, i. 3GO. 



Bicuspid, or mitral, valve of left ventricle, ii. 583. 

 BILE, i. 127.374. 



method of analysing, iii. 811. 

 analyses of, i. 374, 37.0. 



hile of Vertebrata and Invertebrata, iii. 176. 

 biliary calculi, or gall-stones, i. 376. 

 analysis of, iv. 85. 

 See also Calculi, Biliary. 



BILE continued. 



colouring matter of bile nearly identical with certain 



normal elements of the blood, iv. 460. 

 expulsion of the bile, iii. 180. 

 quantity secreted, iii. 180. 

 secretion of bile, iii. 178. 



anomalous opening of the portal vein into the vena 



cava, iii. 178. 

 effects of the suppression of the excretion of bile, 



ii. 150. 



metastasis of, iv. 462. 

 uses of the bile, iii. 181. 



share taken by the, in the process of digestion s. 399. 

 pathological anatomy of the liver disorders of func- 

 tion, iii. 194. 



alterations in chemical property of bile, iii. 195. 

 alterations in physical properties of the bile, iii. 



195. 



biliary calculi, iii. 195. 

 entozoa, iii. 195. 



suppression of secretion of bile, iii. 195. 

 biliary congestion, iii. 187. 

 eflvcts of obstruction on the gall-ducts, iii. 187. 

 biliary redundancy, cause of, i. 416. 

 Biliary ducts, iii. 169." See Hepatic duct ; LIVER. 

 plexus, lobular, iii. 498. 502; iv. 451. 

 apparatus in various animals, iv. 445. 

 Biliary system of Gasteropoda, ii. 388. See GASTERO- 

 PODA. 



in Crustacea, i. 775. 

 Bimanes, a genus of Saurians, iii. 543. 

 Binoxide of protein, iv. 163. 

 Bipapillaria, a genus of Tunicata, iv. 1188, et scq. 



characters of the genus, iv. 1188. 

 Bird-lice (Nirmidae), ii. 868. 

 Birds, fossil bones of, i. 289. 



fat of, chemical characters of, ii. 234. 

 See AVESV 



Bishari, mental and physical characters of the, iv. 1356. 

 Bitch, milk of the, iii. t'62. 



analysis of, iii. 362. 



Biventral lobe of cerebellum, iii. 689. 692. 

 Blackbirds, their mode of walking, iii. 451. 

 BLADDER (in anatomy generally), i. 376. 

 BLADDER OF URINE (normal anatomy), i. 376. 

 urinary bladder in man, i. 377 ; iii. 922. 

 capacity, i. 378. 



media by which it is held in its position, i. 387. 

 peritoneal investment, iii. 944. 

 membranous laminae, or tunics, of, i. 380. 

 1. serous or peritoneal, i. 380. 

 2 mucous, i. 380. 



3. muscular, i. 380. 



4. deep cellular, i. 384. 

 organisation of the bladder, i. 386. 



a. arteries, i. 386. 



b. veins, i. 386. 



c. lymphatics, i. 387. 



d. nerves, i. 387. 



regions of the bladder, i. 379 ; iii. 022. 

 anterior region, i. 379. 

 inferior region, i. 379. 

 lateral regions, i.379. 

 posterior region, i. 379. 

 superior region, i. 379. 

 trigone of the bladder, i. 385. 

 shape of the bladder, L 377. 

 uvula of the bladder, i. 385, 386. 

 urinary bladder in other animals, i. 377. 

 BLADDER, URINARY (abnormal anatomy), i. 389. 

 congenital conditions, i. 3S9- 

 of foetus in utero, ii. 335. 

 absence, i. 389. 

 extrophy, or extroversion, i. 391. 508 ; ii. 691. 



a cause of spurious hermaphroditism, ii. 691. 

 congenital fissure of the, iv. 951. 

 ectopia vesicae urinaria?, iv. 951. 

 inversio vel prolapsus vesicae urinariae, iv. 952. 

 numerical changes, i. 389. 

 persistence of the urachus, i. 393. 

 plurality, i. 390. 

 septa, i. 390. 

 acquired changes, i. 393. 



changes of capacity, i. 394. 

 decrease, i. 394. 

 increase, i. 395. 

 fistulae, i. 398. 



fungous tumours, i. 401. % 



haemorrhage from the bladder, i. 401 . 

 herniae, i. 395. 

 idiopathic softening, i. 399. 

 inflammation,!. 39(3. 

 introversion, i. 395. 

 paralysis, i. 402. 

 rupture, i. 398. 

 sacculi or cysts, i. 393. 

 schirrus and cancer, i. 4'2. 

 spasm, i. 403. 

 varices, i. 402. 



symptoms of stone in the bladder, 721 H. 

 tapping the bladder, iii. 923. 

 operation of lithotomy, iii. 923. 



