792 



GENERAL INDEX. 



Hare (Lepus timidus), anatomy of the, iv. "69, et stq. 



speed of the, iii. 454. 



pelvis of the, s. 159. 



urine of the, iv. 1280. 

 If are, jumping, or Cape jerboa (Helamys), anatomy of the, 



iv. 372, et seq. 

 Hare-lip, iii. 954. 



single, iv. 953. 



with fissured palate, iv. 953. 



Hare-rat (Lagomys), anatomy of the, iv. 374, et seq. 

 Harpalidte, ii. 860. 

 Harpyia vinula, ovum of, s. [113.] 

 Hartz Forest, destructive ravages of the Tomicus topo- 



graphus amongst the trees of, ii. 862. 

 Haustellata, a sub-class of Insecta, ii. 866. 

 Haustra, or pouches of the bowel, s. 363. 

 Haversian canals of bone, iii. 849. 



glands, i. 253 ; ii. 777, 778. 

 Hatch (Falco nisus), nervous system of the, iii. 622. 



velocity of the, in flight, iii. 429. 

 Hawk-moths, or sphinges (Crepuscularia), ii. 866. 

 Head of rib, iv. 1026. 



Headache, causes of, i. 416 ; iii. 723 C ; iv. 853. 

 Head-cowls of Pteropoda, iv. 174, 175. 

 HEARING, OHGAN OF the Ear, ii. 529. 



I. The par-bulb, or fundamental organ of hearing, ii. 

 529. 



1. osseous labyrinth, ii. 529. 



a. vestibule, ii. 530. 



b. semicircular canals, ii. 530. 



c. cochlea, ii. 531. 



aqueducts, ii. 532. 536. 



axis modiolus s. columella cochleae, or 



central pillar, ii. 531. 

 canal is spiralis cochlea?, ii. 531. 

 cupola, ii. 531. 

 promontory, ii 531. 

 lamina spiralis, spiral lamina, and scalae, 



ii. 532. 

 liquid of the labyrinthic cavity, perilymph, 



or liquid of Cotugno, ii. 536. 

 membrane lining the labyrinthic cavity, 



ii.533. 

 the cochlea in the recent state, ii. 533. 



2. membranous labyrinth, ii. 536. 



auditory or acoustic nerve and its divisions, 



ii. 539. 

 blood-vessels of the membranous labyrinth, 



ii. 542. 



arteria cochleae and arteria vestibuli, ii. 542. 

 calcareous matter, masses of, contained within 



the membranous labyrinth, otolithi and 



otoconia, ii. 539. 

 common sinus, membranous ampullae, and 



membranous semicircular tubes, ii. 537. 

 liquid of the membranous labyiinth, endo- 



lymph or vitreous humour of the ear, ii. 



538. 



saccule, sacculus rotundus, ii. 538. 

 II. Accessory parts of the apparatus of hearing, ii. 543. 



1. middle ear, or tympanum, and its appendages, 



ii. 543. 



cavity of the tympanum, ii. 543. 

 cochleariform process, ii. 544. 

 eminentia papillaris s. protuberantia pyra- 



midalis, ii. 544. 



promontory of tympanum, fenestra ro- 

 tunda, and fenestra ovalis, ii. 543. 

 Eustachian tube, ii. 549. 



cartilaginous and membranous part, ii. 



550. 



osseous part, ii. 549. 

 membrane of the tympanum, ii. 515. 

 hiatus Rivinianus, ii. 546. 

 structure of the proper membrane, ii. 545. 

 membrane lining the cavitv of the tympanum, 



ii. 549. 

 osseous portion of the auditory passage, ii. 



tympanic ring, ii. 544. 

 ossicles, or small bones of the ear, ii, 546. 

 incus, or anvil-bone, ii. 546. 

 malleus, or hammer-bone, ii. 546. 

 stapes, or stirrup-bone, ii. 547. 

 position, connexions, and articulations of 



small bones of the ear, ii. 547. 

 muscles of the small bones, ii. 548. 



interims mallei s. tensor tympani, ii. 



548. 



stapedius, or muscle of the stapes, ii. 

 549. 



2. the external ear, including the auditory passage, 



ii. 550. 

 A. the auricle, or the ear (auricula s. pinna), 



ii. 550. 



anthelix, ii. 551. 

 antitragus. ii. 551. 

 helix, ii. 550. 

 tragus, ii. 551 . 

 ligaments of the ear, ii. 551. 

 anterior, ii. 551. 

 posterior, ii.551. 



HEARING, ORGAN OF continued. 



muscles of the ear, ii. 551 . 



extrinsic muscles, or those which move 



the ear as a whole, ii. 551. 

 anterior muscle, attrahens auri- 



culam.ii. 552. 

 elevator auris, attollens auriculam, 



ii.551. 

 retractor muscles, retrahentes 



auriculam, ii. 552. 

 intrinsic muscles, ii. 552. 

 antitragicus, ii. 552. 

 helicis major, ii. 552. 

 minor, ii. 552. 

 tragicus.ii. 552. 

 transversus auriculae, ii. 552. 

 B. the external auditory passage, meatus audi- 



torius externus, ii. 552. 

 arteries of the external ear and tympanum 



ii. 556. 



cartilaginous and membranous portion of 

 the external auditory passage, ii. 

 552. 

 ceruminous glands, ii. 553. 



eur-wax, ii. 553. See CERCMEN. 

 incisurze Santorinianse, ii. 553. 

 lymphatics, ii. 556. 



nerves of the accessory parts of the appa- 

 ratus of hearing, ii. 554. 

 nerves of the auricle and auditory passage, 



ii. 555. 

 nerves of the tympanum, ii. 554. 



anastomosis, nervous, in the tympa- 

 num, ii. 554. 

 chorda tympani, ii. 554. 

 intumescentia gangliformis nervi fa- 



cialis, ii. 554. 

 nervus petrosus superfidalis, ii. 554. 



tympanicus, ii. 554." 

 ramus auricularis nervi vagi, ii. 554. 



III. Development and abnormal conditions of the organ 



of hearing, ii. 557. 



A. of the ear-bulb, ii. 557. 



B. of the tympanum and its contents, ii. 559. 



cavity of the tympanum, ii. 559. 

 small bones ot the tympanum, ii. 560. 



C. of the external ear, ii. 5G1. 



IV. parallel between the ear and the eye, ii. 562. 

 Hearing, organ of (in comparative anatomy). See under 



the heading of each sub-kingdom and class. 

 HEARING (in physiology), ii. 564. 



preliminary observations on sound, ii. 565. 



pitch, intensity, and quality, in musical sounds, ii. 



566. 



reflexion of sound, ii. 566. 

 See also Sound. 



office of each part of the auditory apparatus in the 

 function of hearing, ii. 567. 



I. the internal ear, ii. 5G7. 



cochlea, function of the, ii. 568. 



otolithi and otoconia, office of the, ii. 5(i7. 



semicircular canals and sinus commune, 



function of, ii. 569. 577. 



vestibule, the essential part, ii. 567. 577. 



II. the accessory parts of the organ, ii. 571. 



auricle, ii. 571. 

 Eustachian tube, ii. 576. 

 tympanum and its contents, ii. 572. 577. 

 summary of the functions of the several portions of the 



organ of hearing, ii. 576, 577. 

 hearing in infancy, i. 73. 



in old age, i.80. 

 relation of the fifth pair of nerves to the sense of ii. 



309. 

 HEART, HUMAN, (normal anatomy), ii. 578. 



position, form, and external surface, ii. 578. 

 right auricle, ii. 579. 



external surface, ii. 579. 

 internal surface, ii. 579. 



annulus s. isthmus Vieusseni, ii. 580. 

 auriculo-ventricular opening, ii. 580. 

 Eustachian valve, remains of the (foraminis 



ovalis anterior valvula), ii. 580. 

 foramina Thebesii, ii. 580. 

 fossa ovalis, s. vestigium foraminis ovalis, ii. 



580. 



musculi pectinati, ii. 580. 

 tuberculum Loweri, ii. 580. 

 valvula Thebesii, ii. 580. 

 right ventricle, ii. 580. 



external surface, ii. 580. 

 internal surface, ii. 580. 

 chordae tendinae, ii. 581. 

 columnae carneae, ii. 580. 

 corpora Arantii, ii. 581. 

 musculi papillares, ii. 581. 

 semilunar valves, ii. 581. 

 sinuses of Valsalva, ii. 582. 

 valvula tricuspis s. triglochin, ii. 581. 

 left auricle, ii. 582. 



external surface, ii. 582. 

 internal surface, ii. 582.) 



