816 



GENERAL INDEX. 



MOLLUSCA continued. 



respiratory system, iii. 365. 

 uropoietic system, iii.3C6. 

 shell of Mollusca, iv. 5G9. 

 integuments of the Mollusca, s. 488. 

 excretionary integument, s. 488. 

 LOUS shell- 



membrane 



489. 



substance of Dr. Carpenter, s. 



conversionary ii. tegument of the Mollusca con- 

 taining cellulose, s. 493. 

 temperature of, ii. 650. 



list of Mollusca possessing the property of luminous- 

 ness, iii. 197. See LUMINOUSNESS, ANIMAL. 

 effect of fear on some of the, iii. 7. 

 Mollusca pinnata. See PTEROPOIJA. 

 MelolonthidtE, ii. 860. 

 Monad atomos of Miiller, ii. 133. 

 Monadinidce, a family of Polygastric animals, iv. 3, el seq. 



characters of the family, iv. 3. 

 Monads (Monadinidae), iv. 6. 15. 



their extreme minuteness, iv. 6. 

 Mongolia tribe of Africans, woman of the, iv. 1354. 

 Mongolian languages, iv. 1349. 

 Mongolian race, pyramidal cranium of the, iv. 1322. 

 physical characters of, iv. 1364. 



variety in the complexion of the, iv. 1334. See VA- 

 RIETIES OF MANKIND. 



peninsular and hyperborean, characters of the, iv. 1351. 

 Monitor lizard of South America, iv. 8i;0. 



pelvis of the, s. 171. 

 Monkeys, iv. 195, et seq. See QUADRUMANA. 



organs and mode of progression of the, iii. 455. 

 brain of, in. 624. 696. 

 organs of voice of the, iv. 1487. 

 Monks, alleged atrophy of the testicles of, iv. 993. 

 Monoccra, a genus of Rotifera, iv. 404. 

 Monochitonida, a sub class of Tunicata, iv. 1192, et seq. 

 Monoculi, ovum of, . [1 16.] 

 Monolnbis, a genus of Rotifera. iv. 407. 

 Monomyaria, i. 695. See CONCHIFERA. 

 Monopodta, iv. 964. 



Monorchides. or persons with only one testicle, iv. 987. 

 Monostoma mutabile, a species of Trematude Entozoa, ii. 



142. 



Monostyla, a genus of Rotifera, iv.40f>. 

 Monotia, or deficiency of the under jaw, iv. 967. 

 MUNOTREMATA (an order of Mammalia), iii. 366. 

 general characters, iii. 366. 

 Echidna, iii. 367. 

 Ornithorhynchus, iii. 367. 

 osteology, iii. 368. 



skull, Echidna, iii. 368. 

 occipital bone, iii. 369. 

 parietal bone, iii. 369. 

 temporal bone, iii. 370. 

 frontal bone, iii. 370. 

 nasal bone, iii. 370. 

 palate bone, iii. 370. 

 superior maxillary bone, iii. 370. 

 comparison with the skull of various Edentate 



and Marsupial animals, iii. 371. 

 skull, Ornithorhynchus, iii. 371. 



occipital and temporal bones, iii. 37' 

 parietal and frontal bones, iii. 373. 

 foramina in the floor of the skull, iii. 373. 

 oblique canal traversing the squamous suture, 



iii. 373. 



facial bones, iii. 373. 

 lachrymal foramen, iii. 374. 

 ridges on the outside of the craniam, iii. 374. 

 interior of the skull, iii. 374. 

 lower jaw, iii. 374. 

 vertebral column, iii. 374. 

 true vertebrae, iii. 374. 

 ribs and costal cartilages or sternal ribs, iii. 



375. 



sternum, iii. 375. 

 sacrum, iii. 375. 

 caudal vertebrae, iii. 375. 

 pectoral extremities, iii. 376. 

 pelvic extremities, iii. 378; s. 151. 

 muscular system, Ornithorhynchus, iii. 379. 

 nervous system, iii. 382. 



brain, Ornithorhynchus, ii'. 382. 



Echidna, iii. 382. 

 spinal cord, Ornitliorhynchus, iii. 385. 



Echidna, i,i. 385. 

 olfactory nerves, Ornithorhvnchus, iii. 385. 



EchHna, iii. 38X 

 optic nerves, iii. 385. 

 eye, iii. 385. 



third and fourth pair of nerves, iii. 386. 

 fifth pair, iii. 386. 

 sixth and seventh pair, iii. 386. 



acoustic nerve, iii. 386. 

 ear, iii. 386. 



eighth and ninth pair of nerves, iii. 3^6. 

 brachial plexus, median nerve, iii. 387. 

 lumbar plexus, ischiadic nerve, iii. 3b7. 

 digestive system, iii. 387 ; s. 304. 



alimentary canal, Ornithorhynchu?, iii. 387. 

 Echidna, iii. 387. 



MONOTREMATA, digestive system continued. 

 salivary glands, iii. 388 ; iv. 433, 

 liver, iii. 388. 

 pancreas, iii. 388. 

 spleen, iii. 389. 

 circulating system, iii. 389. 

 blood, iii. 389. 

 heart, Ornithorhynchus, iii. 390. 



Echidna, iii. 390. 



aorta and great arterial trunks, iii. 391. 

 venae cavae and renal veins, iii. 391. 

 portal vein, iii. 391. 

 respiratory system, iii. 391. 

 lungs, iii. 391 

 trachea, iii. 391. 

 l.irynx, iii. 391. 



thymus and other glands, iii. 391 ; iv. 1097. 

 renal system, iii. 391. 



supra-renal bodies, iii. 391. 

 kidneys, ureters, iii. 391. 

 organs of generation, iii. 391. 

 male organs, iii. 391. 

 testicle, iii. 392. 

 penis, iii. 392. 



levator and retractor muscles, iii. 392. 

 Cowper's glands, iii. 392. 

 female organs, iii. 393. 

 ova of, s. 90. 

 ovaries, iii. 394. 



Fallopian tubes and uteri, iii. 394. 

 uro-genital canal, iii. 394. 

 common vestibule, iii. 395. 

 clitoris, iii. 395. 

 Cowper's glands, iii. 395. 

 products of generation, iii. S95. 

 ovum, iii. 395. 



the young Ornithorhynchus external cha- 

 racters, iii. 399. 

 dissection, iii. 399. 

 mammary organs, iii. 402. 

 crural gland arid spur, iii. 405. 

 Monotrematous generation, mode of, ii. 437. 

 Mons Veneris, s. 2 ; i. 708. 

 Monstrosity. See TERATOLOGY. 

 Monura, a genus of Rotifera, iv. 406. 

 Moon-fish (Tetrodon mola), nervous system of the, iii. 



615. 



Moral faculties in animals generally, i. 144. 

 Morbus coxaj, ii. 789 ; iv. 434. 

 case of, ii. 789. 

 morbus coxae senilis, ii. 798. 



Mormo maura, nervous system of the, iii. 612, 613. 

 Morocco, Southern, characters of the Shelahs of, iv. 1357. 

 Morsus diaboli, or fimbriaj, of Fallopian tube, s. 602. 

 Mortality, rate of, iv. 1473. 

 Mortification of arteries, i. 239. 

 of bones, i. 4.03. 



exfoliation, i. 453. 

 necrosis, i. 453. 



of the bone of the cranium, i. 756. See NECROSIS. 

 Moschus, the, s. 508. 



cranium of, s. 511. 



Mosses, vegetative system of the, s. 237. 

 germination of the spore, s. 238. 

 development of the antheridia and the archegonia, s. 



238. 



in the genus Phascum, s. 238. 

 development of the fruit, s. 2*;8. 



spores, s. 239. 



dormant vitality of, iii. 156. 



Motacilla (red-start), nervous system of the, iii. 622. 

 Mother -of -pearl, formation of, i. 712. 

 Mother's mark, or naevus maternus, i. 242. 

 Maths, ii. 866, 867- See Lepidoptera. 



changes from the larva state into that of the perfect 



insect, ii. 874, et seq. 

 mode of flight of, iii. 421. 

 MOTION, ANIMAL ; ANIMAL DYNAMICS ; LOCOMOTION ; or 



PROGRESSIVE MOTION OF ANIMALS, iii. 407. 

 general remarks, iii. 407. 

 Sect. I. Fundamental axioms, iii. 408. 



composition and resolution of forces, iii. 408. 

 parallelogram offerees, iii 408. 

 polygon of forces, iii. 408. 

 parallelopipedon of forces, iii. 408. 

 centre of gravity, iii. 409. 

 the lever, iii. 410. 

 the pulley, iii. 410. 

 of uniform motion, iii. 411. 

 motion uniformly varied, iii. 411. 

 the legs move by the force of gravity as a pen- 

 dulum, iii. 411. 

 mechanical effects of fluids on animals immersed 



in them, iii. 412. 

 resistance of fluids, iii. 413. 

 passive organs of locomotion, iii. 413. 

 bones, iii. 413. 

 joints, iii. 415. 

 ligaments, iii. 415. 

 muscles, iii. 416. 



force of muscles at various stages of their con- 

 traction, iii. 418. 



