830 



GENERAL INDEX. 



Opponens minimi digiti muscle, ii. 521. 



relations and uses, ii. 521. 

 pollicis, s. flexor ossis metacarpi muscle, ii. 519. 



relations and uses, ii. 520. 

 OPTIC NERVES, ii. 185, 18fi; iii. 7U7. 762. 783. 

 descriptive anatomy, iii. 762. 

 apparent origin, iii. 762. 

 tnictus opticus, iii. 76*2. 

 chiasma, iii. 7r>2. 

 optic nerve proper, iii. 762. 

 first stage, iii. 7(52. 

 second stage, iii. 762. 



communication with other nerves, iii. 763. 

 organisation, iii. 763. 

 real origin, iii. 763. 



evidence derived from comparative anatjmy, 



iii. 76*. 

 Fish, iii. 764- 

 Keptiles, iii. 7t>4. 

 Birds, iii. 764. 

 in Man the optic nerves derive some roots 



from the tubercula quadrigemina, iii. 765. 

 the tubeicula quadrigemina probably fulfil 

 other purposes besides that of affording origin 

 to the optic nerves, iii. 766. 

 the human optic nerve probably derives roots 



from the optic thalamus, iii. 766. 

 corpora geniculata : their relation to the optic 



nerves, iii. 763. 

 tuber cSnereum : its relation to the optic nerves, 



iii. 768. 

 commissure of, iii, 595. 676 ; iv. 1446. 



peripheral expansion of the, iii. 596. 

 of the chiasma of the optic nerves, iii. 768. 

 in Invertebrata, iii.76a. 

 Osseous Fish, iii. 769. 

 Cartilaginous Fish, iii. 769. 

 Birds, iii. 7 r 9. 



Amphibia and Reptiles, iii. 769. 

 Mammalia and Man, iii. 7G9. 

 use of the chiasma, iii. 771. 



some remarkable varieties of optic nerves, iii. 774. 

 optic nerves in certain Ophalopods, iii. 774. 

 optic nerves of the compound eyes of Insects, iii. 



plaited optic nerves, iii. 776. 

 optic nerves in cydops monsters, iii. 777. 

 general development of the optic nerves in the higher 



classes of nnimaU, iii. 77". 

 Fish, iii. 777. 

 Birds, iii 777. 

 Mammalia, iii. 777. 

 functions of the optic nerves, iii. 778. 



the optic nerves when present are essential to 



vision, iii. 7/8. 



in tho.se animals which possess special optic nerves 

 the fifth pair are totally inadequate to support 

 vision, iii. 778. 

 absence of proof th;it the fifth pair is absolutely 



essential to sight, iii. 778. 

 ordinary tactile sensibility, iii. 780. 

 effects of stimulants, iii. 780. 

 excito-motory properties, iii. 781. 

 radiated or sympathetic sensations, iii. 782. 

 Optic pore of optic nerve, iii. 186. 192. 

 thalami, iii. 675. 700. 

 corpus geniculatum externum, iii. 700. 

 internum, iii. 700. 

 fibres, iii. 700. 



commissures, iii. 700. 

 sections, iii. 701. 

 structure, iii. 700. 



functions of the optic thalami, iii. 722 M. 



the optic thalami the centre of sensation, iii. 



722 M, 723 B. 

 tracts, iii. 673. 762. 



Opticnl principles governing the construction of micro- 

 scopes, iii. 331. See MICROSCOPE. 

 Optoidal surfaces, iv. 1440. 

 Optameter of Dr. Porterfield,i v. 1441. 

 Orbicular, or annular, ligament, iv. 229. 



nerves, iv. 547. 



Oi'bicularis palpehrarnm muscle, iii. 80, 81. 211. 221 

 tendon of the, iii. 81. 

 action, ii. 221. 

 relations, ii. 221. 

 uses of the, iii. 82. 

 See also FACE. 



or sphincter oris muscle, it. 223. 

 relations, ii. 223. 

 actions, ii. 224. 

 Orbiculus s. circulus ciliaris, ciliary circle of choroid coat, 



ii. 180. 



ORBIT, iii. 782. 

 bones, iii. 782. 



angles, iii 7^-3. 



superior and external, iii. 783. 

 superior and internal, iii. 783. 

 inferior and external, iii. 783. 

 inferior and internal, iii. 783. 

 base or circumference, iii. 783. 



ORBIT continued. 



dissection of the orbit, iii. 783. 

 periosteum, iii. 183. 

 lachrymal gland, iii. 784. 

 fourth nerve, iii. 784. 

 frontal nerve, iii. 784. 

 lachrymal nerve, iii. 784. 

 muscles, iii. 784. 



levator palpebrae superioris, iii. 784. 

 rectus superior, iii. 784. 

 obliquus superior, iii. 785. 

 third nerve, iii. 785. 

 nasal nerve, iii. 785. 

 lenticular ganglion, iii. 785. 

 optic nerve, iii. 785. 

 ophthalmic artery, iii. 785. 

 lachrymal artery, iii. 786. 

 central artery of the retina, iii. 786. 

 supra-orbital artery, iii. 786. 

 ciliary arteries, iii. 786. 

 muscular branches, iii. 786. 

 ethmoidal arteries, iii. 786. 

 palpebral arteries, iii. 786. 

 nasal arteries, iii. 786, 

 frontal arteries, iii. 786. 

 ophthalmic vein, iii. 786. 

 sixth nerve, iii. 787. 



inferior division of the third nerve, iii. 7S7. 

 recti muscles, external, inferior, and internal, iii. 



787. 



inferior oblique muscle, iii. 787. 

 orbital portion of the superior maxillary nerve, iii. 



787. 



temporal branch, iii. 787. 

 malar branch, iii. 788. 



" tunica vaginalis " of Mr. O'Ferrall, iii. 788. 

 action of the muscles of the orbit, iii. 788. 

 of the levator palpebrje, iii. 788. 

 recti, iii. 788. 

 obliqui, iii. 789. 



consensual movements of the two eyes, iii. 791. 

 adaptation of the eye to distances, iii. 792. See also 



VISION. 



Orbital foramina, i. 730, 731. 

 nerve, i. 749 ; iii. 787. 

 process, i. 730, 731 ; ii. 211. 

 or external, surface of lachrymal bone, ii. 212. 

 or superior, surface of malar bone, ii. 211. 

 or anterior superior, border of malar bone, ii. 211". 

 surface of the superior maxillary bone, ii. 208. 



borders, ii. 208. 



Orirto-palpebral muscle, ii. 222. 

 Orchis morio, mode of origin and early development of the 



embryo in, s. 250. 

 Orchitis, iv. 1004. 

 acute, iv. 1004. 

 chronic, iv. 1006. 

 syphilitic, iv. 1008. 

 ORGANIC ANALYSIS, iii. 792. 



I. Proximate analysis, iii. 793. 

 manipulation, iii. 793. 

 reagents, &c., iii. 793. 

 desiccation, iii. 793. 

 incineration, iii. 794. 

 filtration, iii. 795. 

 decantation, iii. 795. 

 A. Analysis of animal fluids, iii. 795. 



1. for the organic constituents, iii. 795. 



qualitative analysis, iii. 795. 

 fibrin, iii. 795. 

 albumen, iii. 795. 



fatty matters and cholesterin, iii. 796 

 sugar, iii. 796. 

 urea, iii. 796. 



uric acid and the urates, iii. 7C6. 

 quantitative.analysis, iii. 79o. 

 process, iii. 796. 



special consideration of the different 

 animal principles, iii. 797. 



fibrin, iii. 797. 



fatty matters, serolin and butyrin, 

 iii. 798. 



albumen, iii. 798. 



casein, iii. 798. 



urea, iii. 799. 



sugar, iii. 799. 



uric acid, iii. 800. 



urobenzoic or hippuric acid, iii. 800. 



lactic acid, iii. 8(;(). 



oxalic acid, iii. 800. 



2. for the inorganic constituents, iii. 801. 



qualitative analysis, iii. 801. 



quantitative analysis, iii. 802. 



carbonic, phosphoric, and hydrochloric acid, 



iii. 802. 



sulphuric and phosphoric, iii. 503. 

 iouine, fluorine, and sulphur, iii. 803. 

 bases, iii. 803. 



potash, soda, ammonia, iii. 804. 



iron, lime, magnesia, lead, iii. 804. 

 copper, in. 8U5. 



