848 



GENERAL INDEX. 



Ritptores, or birds of prev, i. 266. 

 characters of the. i. 266. 

 pelvis of the, s. 169. 



Ras.ires, or scratching birds, characters of, i. 268. 

 Rat (Mus rattus), anatomy of the, iv. 371, et seq. 

 digestive organs of the, s. 303. 



spermatozoa of the rat, iv. 476. 

 of Canada (Geomys bursarius), iv. 386. 

 short-tailed, or campagnol of France, iii. 17. 

 water (Arvicola amphibius), iv. 389. 

 hare, or hay-maker ( Bagomys), its mode of providing 



food for the winter, iii. 12. 

 anatomy of the, iv. 374, et scq. 



mole (Spalax typhlus), anatomy of the, iv. 369, et seq. 

 porcupine of Azara (Echimys), anatomy of the, iv. 372. 



et seq. 

 Rataria cordata, i. 40. 



organs and mode of progression, i. 40 ; iii. 433. 

 Rattlesnake, anatomy of the, 283, et seq. 

 its mode of progression, iii. 448. 

 poison fangs of the, iv. 888. 

 characters of the urine of the, iv. 1281. 

 Rattulus, a genus of Rotifera, iv. 404. 

 Ray, iii. 963, et seq. 



brain of the, in. 764. 

 muscles of the, iii. 543. 



mode and organs of progression of the, iii. 437. 

 Re-agents employed in analyses, iii. 793. 

 Reasia, a genus of Myriapoda, iii. 546, et seq. 

 Reason of man compared with the will of the lower animals, 



iii. 2, et seq. 



Receptacles of lichen-spores, s. 227- See Lichens ; REPRO- 

 DUCTION, VEGETABLE. 

 Receptaculum chyli, iii. 206. 224. 

 Recto-urethrul space, iii. 932. 



triangular, iii. 932. 



Recto-uterine peritoneal folds, iii. 94?, 

 Recto vesical fascia, iii. 9^2; s. 138. 



lamina of the pelvic fascia, iii. 933. 

 folds, iii. 943 

 pouch, s. 36< , 

 Recti muscles, i. 3. 



Rectus abdominis muscle, i. 8; s. 137. 

 external, iii. 787. 

 internal, iii. 787. 

 inferior, ii\. 787. 

 superior, iii. 784. 



action of the recti muscles, iii. 788. 



nerve lor the rectus muscle, iv. 763. 



capitis anticus major muscle, i. 732 ; iii. 561. 



minor, i. 374 : 561. 

 posticus major muscle, i. 373. 732. 



minor, i. 732 ; iii. 732. 

 lateralis muscle, i. 732 ; iii. 561. 

 femoris muscle, s. 137. 

 Rectum, or straight gut, anatomy of the, i. 175. 179 ; iii. 



920 ; s. 368. 



origin, course, &c., iii. 920. 

 relations, iii. 921. 

 coats, iii. 921. 



columns of the rectum, iii. 921. 

 form and position, s. 368. 

 the three portions of the rectum, s. 368, 

 first, or oblique, segment, s. 3o8. 

 middle, or arcuate, segment, s. 369, 

 third, or terminal, portion, s. 36U. 

 structure of the rectum, s. 369. 

 arteries, i. 181. 



muscles of the anus, i. 180; s. 369. 

 sphincter ani externus, s. 369. 

 internus, s. 36y. 

 levator ani, s. 369. 

 nerves, i. 181. 

 veins, i. 181. 



movements of the rectum, s. 370. 

 defaecation, s.370. 



agents of the process of, i. 180 ; s. 370, 371. 

 sketch of the phenomena of defecation, s. 



371. 



mucous membrane of the rectum, i. 180 ; s. 371. 

 contents of the large intestine, s. 372. 

 peritoneum of the first portion of the rectum, iii. 



9. 

 abnormal and pathological conditions of the, i. 61. 64. 



182. 



Recurrent artery, radial, iv. 223. 

 tibial, iii. 131. 

 ulnar, iv. 225. 

 anterior, iv.225. 

 posterior, iv. 225. 

 nerves, iii. 113. 594 ; iv. 816. 



effects of the lesion of the recurrent nerves in en- 

 feebling the voice, iii. 895. 

 branch of nervus vagus, iii. 887, 888. 901. 

 of ophthalmic nerve, ii. 279. 

 of'pneumogastric nerve, s. 262. 

 Red men of America, iv. 1358. 



nose, iii. 738. See NOSE. 



Redstart (Motacilla), nervous system of the, iii. 622. 

 Reduvius serratus, electricity of, ii. 82. 

 Reed, abomasus, or caillette, of Ruminantia, s. 537. 

 Reefs of coral, formation of, iv. 33. 



Reefs of coral continued. 



mode in which they are converted into habitable 



islands, iv. 33. 

 Reflex actions of nerves, iii. 720 K, 721 B. 



nerves, iii. 720 H. 

 Refrigerating effects of cold water applied to the extre- 



Regeneration of lost parts in Echinodermata, ii. 45. 

 Regurgitation, act of, s. 316. 



causes of, s. 316. 

 Reil, island (insel ) of, iii. 672. 

 Rein-deer, larynx of the, iv. 1494. 

 Rejuvenescence, s. 211. 

 Relaxation, or diastole, of the auricles and ventricles of the 



heart, ii. 602, 603. See HEART, PHYSIOLOGY OF. 

 REN. See GLAND ; Kidney. 

 Renal arteries, i. 189 ; iv. 234, 235, 236. 

 calculi, iv. 81. 256. 



plexus of nerves, iv. 982 ; s. 429. 55. 

 vein, iv. 236. 238. 1413. 

 capsules of fishes, iii. 1011. 

 Rennet, s. 538. 



Reproduction, animal, organs of. See GENERATION ; 

 OVUM ; UTERUS AND ITS APPHNDAGES ; and the various 

 classes of animals. 



Reproduction in animals generally, i. 145. 

 fissiparous, i. 145. 

 gemmiparous, external, i. 145. 

 internal, i. 145. 

 sexual, i. 145. 

 of hermaphrodites, i. 145. 



animal and vegetable reproduction compared, i. 129. 

 of lost parts in Crustacea, i. 760. 



in Gasteropoda, ii. 402. 

 REPRODUCTION, VEGETABLE (VEGETABLE OVUM), i. 122; 



s.211. 

 Part I. Algae, Fungi, and Lichens, s. 212. 



reproduction by means of zoospores, s. 212. 

 under the most simple conditions, s. 212. 

 confervoid Alga?, s. '213. 



the frond, s. 213. 

 Ulvaceae, s. 214. 



zoospores developed in an organ specially des- 

 tined to the purpose, s. 214. 

 zoosporous reproduction in the olive-coloured. 



Alga?, s. 214. 



fructification in the Fucacea?, s. 215. 

 the antherozoids of the Fucaeeae compared with 

 the zoospores of the other olive-coloured 

 Alga?, s. 216. 

 zoosporous reproduction in the family of Vau- 



cheriaceas, s. 216. 

 in the SaproJeguia ferox, s. 217. 

 Pilobolus, s. 218. 

 zoosporous reproduction in some Fungi, s. 



218. 



reproduction by conjugation, s. 218. 

 in Desmidiae, s. 218. 

 in Zygnemacea?, s. 219. 

 in Palmoglea macrococca, s 220. 

 condition under which conjugation takes place 



among the Alga?, s. 22U. 



plants obtained by the germination of the 

 zoospores of Saprolegnia, producing repro- 

 ductive organs of an entirely different cha- 

 racter, s. 220. 

 reproductive oigaus of the red Algaa or Florida, 



s. 221. 



the first form a polyspore, s. 221. 

 the second form a tetraspore, s. 221. 

 the third form the antheridium, s. 221. 

 reproductive organs of the Characeae, s. 222. 



the antheridium of Chara, s. 222. 

 summary, s. 222. 



of the two kinds of zoospores, s. 223. 

 of zoosporoid bodies, s. 223. 

 of germs whose development is dependent on 

 the combination of two organs, the repro- 

 ductive functions of which are complemen- 

 tary each to each, s. 223. 

 Fungi and Lichens, s. 223. 



formation and development of the germ in 



Fungi, s. 224. 

 basidiosporous Fungi, s. 224. 



receptacle of Gfaster fimbriatus, s. 225. 

 the theca or ascus of fungi, s. 225. 



the ascophorous Fungi represented by 



Uredineae, s. 226. 



Discomycetes and Pyrenomycetes, s. 226. 

 researches of MM. Tulasne, s. 227. 

 formation and development of the germ in Li- 

 chens, s. 228. 

 thethallus, s. 229. 

 the hypothallus, s. 229. 

 the receptacles within or upon which the 

 spores or spore- like organs are pro- 

 duced, s. 29. 



force with which the spores are dis- 

 charged from the theca?, s. 230. 

 antheridia of lichens, s. 230. 

 pycnidis, s. 230. 

 summary, s. 231. 



