850 



GENERAL INDEX. 



RESPIRATION, organs of continued. 



ultimate air-cells of the lungs, vesicula? s. 

 cellulee aerere, s. Malpighianae; al- 

 veoli pnlmonum of llossignol, s. 268. 

 minute structure of the air-cells, s. 270. 

 the epithelium of the air-passages 



and cells, s. 270. 

 the elastic tissue of the air-cells, s. 



272. 



vascular system of the lungs, s. 272. 

 pulmonary artery, s. 273. 

 veins, s. 274. 



bronchial system of vessels, s. 275. 

 superior artery, s. 275. 

 inferior artery, s. 275. 

 bronchial veins, s. 275. 

 anastomoses between the bronchial and 



pulmonary systems of vessels, s. 275. 

 use of the nose in respiration, iii. 7-5. 

 breathing by the nose and mouth compared, iii. 



735. 

 See also THORAX. 



II. Comparative anatomy, iv. 27ft. 



in Acalcphae, i. 44. 



in the Annelida, i. 170. 



in Arachnidans. 



in Echinodermata, ii. 40. 



in Cetacea, i. 579. 



in Crustacea,!. 177. 



in Entozoa, ii. 136. 



in Gasteropoda, ii. 389. 



in Marsupialia, iii. 309. 



in Mollusca, iii. 365. 



in Monotremata, iii. S9K 



in Myriapoda, iii. 549. 



in Pachydermata, iii. 872. 



in Pteropoda, iv. 173. 



in Quadrumana, iv. 209. 



in Reptiles, iv. 306. 



in Rotifera, iv. 413. 



in Ruminantia, s. 542. 



respiratory organs of birds, i. 341 ; iv. 276. 333. s. 



276. 



of reptiles, s. 278. 

 temporary branchiae of Amphibia, i. 98 ; s. 



278. 

 temporary external gills, s. 279. 



external gills of the Salmandrida?, s. 279. 

 internal temporary branchiee of Amphibia, 



s. 280. 



air-bladder of Fishes, s. 281. 

 lungs in Batrachia, s. 282. 

 respiratory organs of Fishes, iii. 985 ; s. 286. 

 mucous membrane of the branchiae, s. 287. 

 vascular system of the branchiae, s. 287. 



minute circulation of the branchiae, s. 288. 

 cartilage, or supporting system, of the branchiae, 

 s. 289. 



III. Morbid anatomy of the lungs and air-passages, s. 



291. 



inflammation of the bronchi : 

 . acute bronchitis, s. 292. 



b. chronic bronchitis, s. '^92. 



c. plastic bronchitis, s. 292. 

 collapse of the lungs, s. 292. 

 asthma and hooping-cough, s. 292. 

 dilatation of the bronchi : 



uniform dilatation, s. 292. 

 saccular dilatation, s. 292. 

 bronchitic collapse of the lungs, s. 292. 

 inflammation of the mucous membrane of the 



bronchi, s. 292. 



superficial suppuration, s. 292. 

 pathological conditions of the broncho-pulmo- 

 nary mucous membrane, s. 293. 

 plastic or exudative bronchitis, s. 293. 

 bronchial croup, s. 293. 

 asthmatic affections, s. 293. 

 forms of disease recognised by English 



pathologists, s. 293. 

 inflammation of the vesicular tissue, 



s. 293. 



engorgement, s. 291 

 hepatisation, s. 293. 

 grey hepatisation, s. 293. 

 gangrene, s. 293. 

 cancer of the lung, s. 293. 

 phthisis, s. 293. 



seat of pulmonary tubercle, s. 293. 

 nature of t-berculous matter, s. 293. 

 mechanism of emphysema, s. 293. 

 desquamation of the epithelium of the 



air-passages, s. 93. 

 diseases of the larynx, iii. 114. See 



LAUYNX. 

 RESPIRATION, function of, iv. 325. 



preliminary remarks, iv. 325327. 

 respiration of plants, i. 132 ; iv. 328. 

 respiration of animals, i. 182 ; iv. 329. 

 definition, iv. .'J29. 



conditions which regulate the energy of the 

 function, iv. 329. 



RESPIRATION, function of continued. 

 respiratory membrane, iv. 331. 

 gills or branchiae, iv. 331. 

 tracheae, iv. 331. 

 lungs, iv. 331. 

 in birds, iv. 331. 

 Man : apparatus for renewing the air in the lungs of 



the human species, iv. 333. 

 the act of respiration a reflex nervous action, iii. 



7211. 

 the medulla oblongata the centre of respiratory 



movements, iii. 722 K. 

 importance of the oxygen of the atmosphere to 



animal existence, iii. 31. 

 relation of the circulation to, i. 675. 

 relation which the pulse bears to the respiration, 



iv. 192. 

 muscular movements in inspiration and expiration, 



iv. 334. 

 measure of force of the muscular movements 



of inspiration and expiration, iv. 336. 

 frequency of the respiratory muscular move- 

 ments, iv. 338. 



motions of the glottis during, iii. 113. 

 excitementof the respiratory muscles by the sudden 



application of cold to surface of body, iii. 589. 

 relation of the degree of irritability to respiration, 



iii. 31. 



method for ascertaining the quantity of respiration 

 in any given animal the pneumatometer, iii. 

 31, 32. 

 increase of respiration in running and leaping, iii. 



479. 

 state of the respiration during sleep, ii. 766. 



state of the, during the sleep of hibernating 



animals, ii. 767. 769. 



state of the, during the sleep of hibernating 

 animals compared with that of the same ani- 

 mals in a state of activity, ii. 769. 

 quantity of air drawn into, and expelled from, the 



lungs, iv. 339. 

 during quickened or forced respiration, iv. 



340. 

 changes upon the atmospheric air in respiration, 



iv. 342. 



animal matters exhaled from the lungs, iv. 314. 

 per centage and quant' ty of carbonic acid gas in 



the expired air, iv. 345. 

 effects of period of the day, iv. 346. 

 digestion, iv. 346. 

 fasting, iv. 347. 

 alcohol, iv. 347. 



conditions of the mind, iv. 348. 

 exercise, iv. 348. 

 temperature, iv. 348. 

 the seasons, iv. 349. 

 barometric pressure, iv. 349. 

 age. sex, and constitution of body, iv. 



349. 



the respiratory movements upon the 

 evolution of carbonic acid from the 

 lungs, iv. 351. 



frequency of the respiratory move- 

 ments, iv. 351. 



bulk of the air expelled, iv. 352. 

 the stoppage of the respiratory move- 

 ments for a time, iv. 352. 

 quantity of oxygen gas absorbed by the lungs, iv. 



354. 



differences, chemical and physical, between arte- 

 rial and venous blood, iv. 356. 

 free gases in the blood, iv. 358. 

 theory of respiration, iv. 361. 



on the manner in which the air in the upper 

 and that in the lower parts of the respiratory 

 apparatus become intermixed, iv. 362. 

 actions between the blood and the atmospheric 



air in the lungs, iv. 362. 

 cause of the change of colour in the blood, iv. 



365. 

 effect of suspended respiration on the action of the 



heart, iii. 34. 



in various animals, iii. 35. 



power of bearing suspended respiration in hiber- 

 nating animals, ii. 771. 

 state of the respiration as a sign of approaching death, 



i. 801. 



Respiratory nerve, internal, iv. 754. 

 Restiform bodies, iii. 678, 679. 682. 



function of the, iii. 722 K. 

 Rete mucosum, or rete Malpighii, iii. 490; iv. 1333. 



testis, iv. 977. 979. 

 Retepedes of Scopoli, i. 266. 

 Reticulum, bonnet, or honeycomb, of the second stomach 



of Ruminantia, ii. 11. 

 of the camel, s. 536. 

 Retiform or reticular plexus, s. 712. 

 Retina, peripheral expansion of nerves on the, iii. 596. 

 central artery of the, i. 491 ; iii. 786. 

 function of the, iv. 1439. 



abnormal vision arising from defective action of the 

 retina or sensorium, iv. 1452. 



