GENERAL INDEX. 



80 1 



Somnambulism, phenomena of, iii. 723 B. ; iv. 691. 

 definition, iv. 691. 



character of the intellectual operations in somnambu- 

 lism, iv. 691. 

 state of somnambulism passing into that of ordinary 



dreaming, iv. 691. 

 anecdotes, iv. 692. 

 exaltation of the senses when in the somnambulistic 



state, iv. 693. 



readiness with which the train of thought may be 

 guided during somnambulism, by the principle of 

 suggestion, iv. 694. 



hypnotic or mesmeric experiments, iv. 691. 

 causes of somnambulism, iv. ixJ. 

 natural, iv. 695. 

 artificial, iv. 695. 



Mr. Braid's hypnotism, iv. 695, 69& 703. 

 inhalation of anaesthetic agents, productive of a state 



resembling somnambulism, iv. 697. 

 Soot. warts, and cancer scroti, iv. 1014. 

 S-ircx, or shrew, pelvis of the, s. 161. 

 or tufts, of some Algae, s. 215. 

 Sorici,l<p, or shrew family, ii. 994. 

 Suuakiny chief, portrait of, iv. 1-356. 

 Soul, immortality of the, one of the chief natural arguments 



for the, iv. 1301. 

 the soul considered as an entity totally distinct from the 



body, iii. 722 Z. 



quotation from Butler's " Analogy," iii. 722 Z. 

 the mind considered as the mode of action of the soul, 



iii. 1-1-2 Z. 

 Sound, phenomena of, ii. 565. 



analogy between sound and light, ii. 566. 

 direction of sound, ii. 570. 577. 



power in various animals of distinguishing the 



direction of sound, ii. 570. 

 Wheatstone's theory of our notions of audible 



direction, ii. 579. 

 limits of audition, ii. 575. 

 media by which sounds are communicated, air, water, 



solids, ii. 56-:. 

 office of the different parts of the ear in the function of 



hearing, ii. 567. See HEARING, physiology of. 

 pitch, intensity, and quality iu musical sounds, ii. 566. 

 reflexion of sound, ii. 566. 



echoes, phenomena of, ii. 566. 



variation in the limits of sensibility to sounds in dif- 

 ferent individuals, ii. 575. 

 experiments, ii. 575. 



velocity with which sound travels, ii. 566. 

 Sjund, emission of sound ot" muscle in action, iii. 526. 

 Sounds of the heart, ii 614. See HEART, PHYSIOLOGY OF, 

 Soups, nutrition of, ii. 13. 

 Sow, ovary of the, s. 555, 556. 560. 

 Space, intercrural or interpeduncular, iii. 673. 703. 

 omo-clavicular, iv. 817. 

 perforated posterior, iii. 703. 

 inter-lobular, iii. 166. 

 recto-urethral, iii. 932. 



triangular, iii. 932. 



Spalax typh'us, or mole rat, anatomy of the, iv. 369, et seq. 

 Sparidte, a family of Fishes, iii. 956, et seq. 

 Sparrows, their mode of walking, iii. 451. 

 Spasm, or cramp, iii. 720 K. 

 of the glottis. See LARYNX. 

 of the muscles of the larynx, iii. 123. 

 and stricture of the urethra, iii. 925. 

 of the urinary bladder, i. 403. 

 Spasmodic affections of the face, ii. 229. 

 Species, distinction of, ii. 444. 



means by which the distinction of species is insured , 



ii. 444. 



hybrids or mules, ii. 44-5. 

 impediments opposed by nature to the promiscuous 



breeding of distinct species, ii. 445. 

 Species of man, iv. 1301. See VARIETIES OF MANKIND. 

 Specific gravity of arteries, i. 224. 

 Spectacles, for various condicions of defective vision, iv. 



1466, 1467. 



injurious habit of wearing "preservers," iv. 1465. 

 best method of testing spectacles, iv. 1467. 

 Spectra, ocular, phenomena of, iii. 723 B. 

 Speech, power of, upon what it depends, iii.723 C. See VOICE. 

 Sperm-cells, s. 4. See OVUM. 

 Spermaceti, ii. 233. 



oil, chemical characters of, i. 590 ; ii. 233. 

 Spermagonice ot lichens, s. 227. 

 Spermatic animalcules. See Spermatozoa. 



arteries, i. 189. 220 ; ii. 844 ; iv. 981. 933 ; 8. 552. 640. 

 cord, i. 4*; iv. 986. 



diffused hydrocele of the, iv. 999. 

 encysted hydrocele of the, iv. 1COO. 

 haematocele of the, iv. 1003. 



encysted, iv. 1003. 

 fascia, i. 5. 



deep, iv. 996. 



superficial or external, iv. 986. 

 fluid, i. 127. See SEMEN. 

 nerve, external, iv. 762. 

 plexus of nerves, iv. 982; 8. 429. 

 process, ii. 841. 844. 

 veins, iv. 981. 1413. 



Spermatozoa, or corpuscula seminis, ii. 112. 459; ir. 472; 



s. 3. 



discovery of, ii. 459. 



fanciful hypotheses respecting them, ii. 461. 

 nature of spermatozoa, ii. 459, 4f>0. 



Treviranus' and Baer's observations, ii. 430. 

 propagation of, ii. 112. 

 liquor seminis, iv. 472. 



periodical development of the spermatozoa and tes- 

 ticles, iv. 473. 

 rutting period, iv. 473. 

 form, appearance, size, and history of spermatozoa, 



ii. 111.459; iv. 474. 

 in man, iv. 474. 

 in Mammalia, iv. 474. 

 in Aves, iv. 477. 

 in Reptilia, iv. 480. 

 in Pisces, iv. 483. 

 in Mollusca, iv. 484. 



in Cephalopoda, iv. 4S:.. 

 in Gasteropoda, iv. 485. 

 in Acephala, iv. 487. 

 in Articulata, iv. 488. 

 in Insecta, iv. 48. 

 in Arachnida, iv. 490. 

 in Myriapoda, iv. 492. 

 in Crustacea, iv. 493. 

 in Annelida, iv. 496. 

 in Brypzoa, iv. 497. 

 in Rotifera, iv. 498. 

 in Radiata, iv. 498. 



in Echinodermata, iv. 498. 

 in Acalephae and Acanthozoa, iv. 499. 

 general conclusions respecting the morphology and 



development of spermatozoa, iv. 499. 

 organisation of the spermatozoa, iv. 52. 

 motions of the spermatozoa, iv. 502. 

 existence of spermatozoa in the fluid contents of tha 

 cyst, in encysted hydrocele of the testicle, iv. 

 998 



chemical composition of spermatozoa, iv. 505. 

 physiological office of the semen, ii. 112; iv. 507. 

 action of the spermatozoa on the internal contents of 



the ovum, s. [137], [138]. 

 See E \TOZO A ; SEME>. 



Sperocyclistus, a genus of Myriapoda, iii. 546, etteq. 

 Speropceus, a genus of Myriapoda, iii. 546, et seq. 

 Sperostreptus, a genus of Myriapoda, iii. 546, et seq. 

 Sphacelus, a sign of actual death, i. 807. 

 Sphteria, thecae and paraphyses of, s. '227. 

 Spheerobolus, a genus of Myriapoda, iii. 546, et seq. 

 Spheerotheria, a genus of Mvriapoda, iii. 546, et seq. 

 Sphenoid bone, i. 726 ; iii. 725. 

 alae raajores, i. 726,727. 

 minores, i. 726. 728. 

 articulations, L 728. 

 body of the bone, i. 726. 

 cells, sphenoidal, i. 726. 

 definition, i. 726. 

 development, i. 728. 



in intra-uterine life, i. 728. 

 in extra-uterine life, i. 728. 

 surfaces, anterior, i. 726. 

 posterior, i. 726. 

 under, i. 726. 

 upper, i. 726. 

 azygos process, i. 255. 

 Sphenoidal cells, i. 726. 

 Spheroidal sinuses, iii. 725. 

 suture, i. 737. 

 ventricle, iii. 674. 

 Spheno-maxillary nerve, ii. 283. 

 S^heno-ocdpital bone, i. 733. 

 Spheno-palatine artery, i. 490; iii. 733. 

 foramen, ii. 211. 

 nerves, ii. 284. 



Spheno-parietal suture, i. 737. 

 Spheno-temporal suture, i. 737. 

 Spherical aberration of light, iv. 1438. 1441. 

 Sphincter ani cutaneus (vel coccygeo-an:d, sphincter ex- 



ternus, constrictor ani), i. 176; s. 309. 

 use, i. 176. 

 internus vel orbicularis, i. 176 ; s. 138. 369. 



action, i. 177. 

 remarks on the nervous action of the sphincteres am, 



iii. 721 K. 

 oris muscle, ii.223. 

 vagina; muscle, s. 138. 



Sphinges, or hawk-moths (Crepuscularia), ii. 866. 

 Sphinx atropos, or death's-head moth, its attacks on bee- 

 hives, iii. 21. 



elephant (Deilephila elpenor), ii. 867. 

 ligustri, ii. 875. 



larva of, ii. 875. 877. 

 Spices, employment of, in diet, ii. 15. 



effects of, on various parts of the body, it 15. 

 Spicula of sponges. See PORIFERA. 

 Spider, its mode of taking its prey. iii. 8, 9. 

 organs and mode of locomotion, iii. 444. 

 muscular system, iii. 539. 

 nervous system, iii. 609. 

 ova of spiders, s. [1 14]. 



3K 3 



