876 



GENERAL INDEX. 



TONGUE continued, 



tegumentary system, iv. 1135. 

 cutis, iv. 1135. 



basement membrane, iv. 1135. 

 epithelium, iv. 1135. 



papillary structure of the tongue, iv. 860. 1126. 

 circumvallate papillae, iv. 1136. 

 fungiform, iv. 1137. 

 conical or filiform, iv. 1138. 

 simple, iv. 1139. 

 structure of papillae, iv. 1139. 

 functions of the different papillae, iv. 1140. 

 See also FIFTH NERVE ; EIGHTH NERVE ; 



TASTE. 



mucous glands, iv. 1140. 

 vessels of the tongue, iv. 1141. 

 lingual artery, iv. 1141. 



branches of the lingual, iv. 1141. 

 hyoid branch, iv. 1141. 

 dorsalis linguae branch, IT. 1141. 

 sublingual branch, iv. 1 141. 

 ranine branch, iv. 1141. 

 nerves of the tongue, iii. 723; iv. 1141. 

 lingual branch of the fifth, iv. 1141. 

 glosso-pharyngeal, iv. 1141. 

 lingual or gustatory, iv. 1141. 

 ninth, or hypoglossal, iv. 1141. 

 See also FIFTH NERVE ; EIGHTH NERVE ; 



KIN TH NERVE ; TASTE. 

 Comparative Anatomy, iv. 1141. 

 Insfcta, iv. 1141, 1142. 

 Mollusca, iv. 1142. 



Gasteropoda, ii. 385; iv. 1142. 



Cephalopoda, i. 632 ; iv. 1143. 

 rtebrata, iv. 1143. 



Vertebrata, 



hyoid apparatus, iv. 1144. 

 in birds, iv. 1145. 

 in Mammalia, iv. 1146. 

 general characters of the tongue in the four 



classes of Vertebrata, iv. 1146. 

 Pisces, ir. 1146. 

 Reptilia, iv. 292. 1146. 

 Batrachia, iv. 1146. 

 Ophidia, iv. 1147, 

 Chelonia, iv. 1147. 

 Sauria, iv. 1147. 

 Aves, iv. 1150. 

 Mammal w, iii. 236; iv. 1151. 



Ruminantia, s. 532. 

 functions of the tongue, iv. 1151. 

 prehension, iv. 1151. 

 mastication, iv. 1152. 

 insalivation, iv. 1152. 

 deglutition, iv. 1152. 



first stage, or oral, iv. 1152. 

 second stage, or pharyngeal, iv. 1152. 

 third stage, or cesophageal, iv. 1153. 

 gpeech, iv. 1153. See VOICE. 

 Morbid Anatomy, iv. 1 153. 



inflammation of the tongue, iv. 1153. 

 suppurative glossitis, iv. 1153. 

 erectile glossitis, iv. 1153. 

 lingual quinsy, iv. 1154. 

 mercurial glossitis, iv. 1 154. 

 ulceration of the tongue, iv. 1 154. 

 dyspeptic ulceration, iv. 1 154. 



small circular ulcers, iv. 1154. 

 severe and deep-seated ulcers, iv. 1155. 

 aphthous ulceration, iv. 1155. 

 indurated non-malignant uiceration, iv. 1155. 

 gangrenous ulceration, iv. 115G. 

 syphilitic ulceration, iv. 1156. 



small, circular, superficial ulcers, iv. 1156. 

 rhagades, or fissures, iv. 1156. 

 glossy tubercle, iv. 1156. 

 pha.edaenic ulcers, iv. 1157- 

 cancer of the tongue, iv. 1157. 

 scirrhtis, iv. 1157. 

 tumours of the tongue, iv. 1157. 

 fatty tumours, iv. 1157. 

 encysted tumour, iv. 1157. 

 mulberry-like tumour, iv. 1158. 

 polypus-like tumour, iv. 1158. 

 hypertrophy and prolapsus of the tongue, iv. 1158. 

 atrophy of the tongue, iv. 1159. 

 diseases of the papillae, iv. 1159. 



hypertrophy of papillae, iv. 1159. 

 hairs on conical or filiform papillae, iv. 1159. 

 contrast afforded by the tongue in scarla- 

 tina, iv. 1160. 



effusions into the papilla?, iv. 1161. 

 extravasations of blood, iv. 1161. 

 lymph, iv. 1161. 

 denuded papillae, iv. 1161. 

 fur of the tongue, iv. 1161. 

 healing and reparation of the papillary surface 



of the tongue, iv. 1161. 

 tongue-tie, iv. 1 162. 

 tongue-swallowing, iv. 1162. 

 adhesions of the tongue, iv. 1162. 

 necrosis of the hyoid bone, iv. 1 IG5. 

 " Tongue, cutting the," operation of, iv. 1121. 



Tonic power, effects of the, on paralytic limbs, iii. 40. 

 Toiiicity, definition of, i. 667. 

 of arteries, i. 667. 

 of muscles, iii. 524. 

 Tonsillitic artery, i. 486 ; iii. 949. 



twigs of glosso-pharyngeal nerve, ii. 497. 

 Tonsils or amygdalae, iii. 952; iv. 1121. 



vessels and nerves of the tonsils, iii. 953. 

 calculi of the, iv. 83. 

 Tophi, or gouty concretions, iv. 90. 

 chemical constitution of, iv. 91. 

 Torcitlar Herophili sinus, i. 732; iii. 631. 

 Torpedo, species of the, ii. 81. 



follicular nervous apparatus of Savi, iii. 880. 



ganglia of the, s. 440. 



anatomy of its electrical organs, ii. 87, 88 ; iii. 879, 



880. 

 circumstances under which the discharge of electricity 



takes place, ii. 82. 



exhaustion from a succession of discharges, ii. 83. 

 localities inhabited by the fish, ii. 81, 82. 

 magnetical effects of the electrical discharge, ii. 85. 

 motions of the fish in discharging, ii. 83. 

 physiological effects of the discharge, ii. 83. 

 production of sparks and evolution of heat, ii, 86. 

 results of experiments where the nerves and electrical 



organs were mutilated, ii. 87. 

 uses of the electrical function, ii. 97. 

 See ELECTRICITY, ANIMAL. 

 Torpor, ii. 764, 765. 768. 775. 

 causes of, i. 416 ; ii. 768. 775. 



differences between torpor and hibernation, ii. 775. 

 of hibernating animals, causes of, i. 263. 

 Torsion of the arteries, operation of, i. 224. 228. 



of intestine, s. 406. 



Tortoise (Testudo), anatomy of the, iv. 266, et seq. 

 muscular system of'the, iii. 542. 

 organs and mode of progression of the, iii. 4oO. 

 uses of its carapace and plastrum, iii. 450. 

 land, urine of the, iv. 1281. 

 mud, or trionyx, pelvis of the, s. 170. 

 Torula of the human subject, iv. 144. 

 Turulce, mode of reproduction of the, s. 224. 

 TOUCH, iv. 1163. 



definition, iv. 1163. 

 general sensibility, iv. 1163. 

 sense of touch, iv". 1165. 



special organs of touch, iv. 1165. 

 conditions of the sense of touch, iv. 1167. 

 exercise of the sense, iv. 1 168. 



tactile discrimination, iv. 1168. 



Professor Weber's table, iv. 1169. 

 sense of temperature, iv. 1171. 

 muscular sense, iv. 1172. 

 sense of weight, iv. 1175. 



of direction, iv. 1175. 



mental phenomena connected with the sense, iv. 1176. 

 improvability of the sense of ti uch, iv. 1177. 



exaltation in cases of deafness and uumbness, iv. 



1178-1182. 



morbid conditions of the sense of touch, iv. 1182. 

 anaesthesia, or absence of sensation, iv. 1182. 

 causes, iv. 1182. 

 epidemic de Paris, iv. 1183. 

 hyperassthesia, or increased sensibility to touch, 



iv. 1184. 

 depravation of tactile sensibility, manifested in a 



variety of morbid phenomena, iv. 1184. 

 in infancy, i. 72. 

 sense of, in Crustacea, i. 767. 

 in Arachnidans, i. 207. 

 in insects, ii. 961. See INSBCTA. 

 in birds, i. 311. See AVES. 

 in the bat, i. 599. See CHEIROPTERA. 

 in Cetacea, i. 589. See CETACEA. 

 Toxodon, anatomy of the. See PACHYDERM ATA. 

 Trabecula: of Haller, iii. 631. 



of penis, iii. 912. 



Trabecular tissue (trabeculae lienis), iv. 773. 

 Trachea ot man, iii. 104 ; s. 258. 

 structural anatomy, s. 259. 



tracheal mucous membrane, s. 259. 

 cilia attached to the tracheal epithelium, s. 260, 

 tracheal glands, s. 260. 

 secretion of, s. 261. 

 fibrous structures, s. 261. 



tracheal cartilaginous rings, s. 261. 

 tracheal muscles, s. 262. 

 arteries of the trachea, s. 262. 

 the bronchi, s. 262. 



structural anatomy of the bronchi, s. 262, 



263. 



infundibulum of Rossignol, s. 264. 

 the bronchi divide on no constant or regu- 

 lar plan, s. 264. 

 contractility of the bronchial tubes, s. 



264. 



tumours of trachea, effect of pressure of, iii. 126. 

 sympathetic ulceration of the, in cases of tubercular 



consumption, iii. 119. 



formation of ;in artificial opening in the trachea in 

 cases ofj-hthisis laryngea, iii. I2i. 



