TERATOLOGY. 



961 



Fig. GIG. 



the observations which we know of it are ot 

 twins, and in one case of three children born 

 at one birth. In many it is proved that the 

 mother of the acephalus has been often fecun- 

 dated. They are rarely full-grown at birth, 

 and they have in most instances a placenta 

 common to them and the well-formed child, 

 but with a separate cord ; the foetal membranes 

 also appear to be common to both. The cord 

 of the acephalus contains sometimes two, 

 sometimes three or four vessels (T. II. Kalck). 

 The integuments of the monster, truncated at 



g, torn along with a well-formed child, its upper part, are irregularly tumified, by a 

 a, the right foot with five; I, the left, with lar S c quantity of thick, pale, or yellowish 

 three toes; A, the female genitals; ?', the anus; subcutaneous cellular tissue. Interiorly there 

 c, tumor formed by the umbilical cord; d,e,f,g, are lumbar vertebras, with a pelvis, and the 



eminences covered by the skin 

 Fig. G 17. 



The same Acephalus with dissection of the skeleton. 



a, a, the only obvious inferior dorsal vertebra, 

 with a pair of ribs ; 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, lumbar vertebrae ; 

 1), sacrum ; c, c, d, iliac bones ; e, femur ; /, bones 

 of the foot. 



Third Type. Acephali in which the trunk 

 is more developed, without a head and thoracic 

 or superior extremities, but composed of an in- 

 complete trunk, with an imperfect inferior extre- 

 mity. In the lowest grade of this monstrosity 

 may be ranked an acephalus observed by 

 Ruysch, consisting only of a leg. Somewhat 

 more perfect is the acephalous inferior ex- 

 tremity of a goat, mentioned by Hayn. It 

 consisted of a pelvic bone, with the other bones 

 of the inferior extremity, some muscles, the 

 vessels and nerves of the femur, which were 

 probably connected with the umbilical cord 

 of the perfect goat born at the same time as 

 the acephalus. 



Fourth Type. Acephali in which the 

 trunk is more developed, without a thorax and 

 without superior limbs, and composed of an ab- 

 domen, genital organ. 1 ;, and two inferior limb?. 

 The hypogastriurn and the two inferior 

 limbs are, then, more or less completely 

 formed parts. With exception of one, all 



VOL. IV. 



bones and muscles of inferior limbs, besides 

 the spinal marrow and its nerves ; the lumbar 

 and sacral parts of the sympathetic nerve ; 

 blood-vessels without a heart, of which the 

 arteries are connected with the umbilical ar- 

 teries, and the veins with the umbilical vein ; 

 a loop of intestines ; uropoietic, and genital 

 parts. All the other parts are wanting. 



Fifth Type. Acephali in which the trunk 

 is much more developed, with an imperfect tho- 

 rax, composed of some dorsal vertebrce and ribs. 

 The superior limbs are wanting. The only 

 difference between this and the preceding 

 type is in the more complete trunk, there 

 being a thorax superadded to the abdomen. 

 In all the other points the structure re- 

 sembles that of the fourth type; they are 



Fig. CIS. 



Human Acephalus born along with a well-formed child. 

 a, cutaneous fissure in the lower part of the 



thorax ; b, umbilical hernia, under which are the 



male external genital parts. 



3Q 



