1298 



VARIETIES OF MANKIND. 



styloid process, arising from the non-anchy- 

 losis of the stylo-hyal bone. 



Fig. 800. 



Front, side, and basal views of the skull of the Trog- 

 lodytes gorilla. (After Owen.} 



" 10. The larger post-glenoid process, and 

 the longer auditory process (tympanic bone), 

 with their relative position, one behind, but 

 not below, the other. 



"11. The position of the stronger zygo- 

 mata opposite the middle third of the basis 

 cranii. 



" 12. The prominent supra-orbital ridge. 

 " 13. The longer nasal bones, anchylosed 

 together, and flattened at their lower half. 



" 14. The greater proportional size, and 

 greater prominence of the upper and lower 

 jaws. 



" 15. The longer osseous palate, and the 

 median emargination of its posterior border. 



" 16. The parallelism of the alveoli of the 

 molars and canine of one side, with those of 

 the other. 



" 17. The diastema, or vacant place, in 

 front of the socket of the canine in the upper 

 jaw, and behind that socket in the lower 

 jaw. 



" 18. The larger and more produced pre- 

 maxillaries, the persistence of more or less 

 of their sutures, showing the intervention of 

 their upper extremities between the nasal and 

 maxillary bones. 



" 19. The minor extent of connection of 

 the lachrymal with the ' pars plana ' of the 

 aethmoid, or their separation by the junction 

 of the orbital plate of the maxillary with that 

 of the frontal behind the lachrymal. 



" 20. The depth of the olfactory fossa, and 

 the absence or rudimental state of the crista 

 galli. 



" 21. The squamosal, lambdoidal, alisphe- 

 noidal and pterygoid air-cells. 



" 22. The more prominent cusps of the 

 molar teeth. 



" 23. The larger relative size, and more 

 complex grinding surface of the last molar 

 tooth in both jaws. 



" 24. The larger relative size of the pre- 

 molars, especially of the first. 



" 25. The more complex implantation of 

 the premolars by three roots, two external 

 and one internal. 



" 26. The much larger and longer canines. 

 " 27. The sexual distinction in the develop- 

 ment of these teeth. 



" 28. The more sloping position of the 

 crowns of the incisors. 



" 29. The broader and higher ascending 

 ramus of the lower jaw. 



" 30. The total absence of the prominence 

 of the symphysis forming the chin. 



" In the form of the premaxillaries, and the 

 earlier obliteration of their sutures," Prof. 

 Owen continues, " the smaller chimpanzee 

 more nearly resembles man than the great 

 gorilla does ; it seems also to deviate less 

 through the minor development of the canine 

 teeth, and of the parietal and sagittal crests ; 

 but it has been shown, in the comparison of 

 the skulls of Troglodytes gorilla and T. n/ger, 

 that the latter departs in more numerous and 

 important particulars further from the human 

 type." 



Now, of the foregoing characters, some of 

 those which constitute the most striking fea- 

 tures in the cranium of the Chimpanzee, are 

 those which must be admitted from analogy 

 to be liable to variation under the influence 



