12 



ACANTHUS 



fls. dull white to rose or purplish. Mostly southern 

 Europe. A. mollis may have suggested the more conven- 

 tionalized acanthus leaf of Roman architecture. Must be 

 deeply mulched N. in winter. They need a rich, light, 

 well-drained soil and much sunshine. Excessive moisture 

 is fatal, especially in winter and spring. Fall-planted 

 stock should always be protected for the winter by long 



13. Acanthus spinosissimus. 



14. Acanthus mollis. 



litter or evergreen boughs, even where established plants 

 are hardy. Prop, by division in sp'ring or early autumn, 

 and by seeds. Cult, by J. B. KELLER. 



A. Lvs. spiny. 



spinosissimus, Desf. Fig. 13. Lvs. dark green, pth- 

 nately parted; spines glistening: fls. infrequent; autumn; 

 spikes loose, pilose or glabrescent: spines of the bracts 

 recurved. 



spindsus, Linn. Lvs. lanceolate, pinnatifld, pubescent ; 

 spines short, whitish: fls. smaller than in the last; sum- 

 mer ; spikes dense, slightly villous. B. M. 1808. Gn 

 8 : 147. 



AA. Lvs. not spiny. 



mdllis, Linn. Fig. 14. Lvs. 2x1 ft., cordate, sinuately 

 pinnatifld, mostly radical : fls. summer; spikes loose, pu- 

 bescent. Gn. 52, p. 239. Also recommended as a window 

 plant. Var.latif61ius,Hort.(A.Za^dZtttS,Hort. A.Lusi- 

 tdnicus, Hort.) is larger and hardier. Gn. 1, p. 303. 



longifdlius, Poir. Lvs. radical, longer and narrower 

 than in A. mo II is, bright green: fls. June. Though said 

 to be a stove species in Eu., it is the hardiest of all at 

 Cambridge, Mass. 



A. Cdroli-Alexdndri, Hausskn. 9-18 in. Lvs. few, radical, in 

 a lax rosette, lanceolate, spiny; spike dense. Greece. A. cardui- 

 fblius, Linn.== Blepharis carduifolia. A. ilitifblius (Dilivaria 

 ilicifolia, Juss.). Smooth greenhouse sub-shrub with leaves re- 

 sembling Ilex aquifolium, the Eu. Holly. Prop, by cuttings 

 under glass. E.Asia. A. montdnus, T.Anders. Lvs. pinnatifid 

 or sinuate-spinose. W. Afr. B.M. 5516. Stove species. 



ACER (classical Latin name). Sapinddcece* MAPLE. 

 Trees, rarely shrubs: Ivs. opposite, long petioled, simple 

 and mostly palmately lobed, or 3-5-foliolate, deciduous: 

 fls. small, in racemes or corymbs; petals generally 5 ; 

 stamens 4-12, mostly 8 : fr. compound of two long- 

 winged nutlets called samaras. Asia, especially E. Asia, 

 N. Amer., Europe. Monograph by Pax in Engler's Bot. 

 Jahrb., 6:287, and 8: 177 (1885 and 1886), suppl. in the 

 same, 16:393 (1893), and Hook. Ic. Plant, 19, t. 1897 



ACER 



(1889). The maples are among our most ornamental and 

 valuable trees for park and street planting. Nearly 

 all assume a splendid color in autumn, especially the 

 species of N. Amer. and E. Asia, which surpass by far 

 the European maples. Many of them are valuable tim- 

 ber trees, and some American species, especially A. 

 saccharum, produce sugar. For purposes of shade, 

 the common sugar maple is best and most popular. 

 The Norway maple makes a very dense and round head, 

 and is excellent for lawns, but it is too low-headed for 

 the streets. The silver maple, A. saccharinum and its 

 vars., is also popular where quick-growing trees are de- 

 sired. The Japanese maples are among the most strik- 

 ing and showy exotic small trees, and are adapted for 

 fine grounds and for growing in pots. Prop, by seeds 

 sown in autumn, or stratified and sown in spring. The 

 early ripening species, like A. saccharinum and A. ru- 

 brum, must be sown soon after maturity ; the varieties 

 and rare species may be budded in summer on the 

 typical forms or allied common kinds; some shrubby 

 species, as A. palmatum, also A. cissifolium and A. 

 Iwtum, var. rubrum. may be propagated by layers or 

 half-ripened greenwood cuttings in summer. Fancy 

 maples are readily winter- grafted by the veneer method, 

 the stocks being grown in pots. The Japanese kinds 

 are usually worked on imported stocks of A. palmatiim. 

 Monograph of the garden forms and varieties by Graf 

 Schwerin in Gt., 1893; see, also, G.C. II. 16:75. About 

 100 species. 



The following species of maple are cult, in this coun- 

 try: campestre, No. 8; carpinifolium, 28; circinatum, 

 15 ; cissifolium, 30 ; dasycarpum, 1; Floridanum, 5; 

 Ginnala, 24 ; glabrum, 14 ; grandidentatum, 6 ; Hel- 

 dreichi, 20; insigne, 22; Italum, 7; Japonicum, 17; lae- 

 turn, 12; macrophyllum, 18; Monspessulanum, 9; Ne- 

 gundo, 31; nigrum, 4; Nikoense, 29; palmatum (poly- 

 morphum), 16; Pennsylvanicum, 27; pictum, 11; pla- 

 tanoides, 13; Pseudo-platanus, 19; rubrum, 2; rufinerve. 

 26; saccharinum, 1; saccharum, 3; spicatum, 25; Ta- 

 taricum, 23; Trautvetteri, 21; truncatum, 10. 



A. Foliage of simple, mostly palmate Ivs. (occasionally 

 8-foliolate in JVo. 14); fls. polygamous or monoecious. 



B. Bloom appearing long before the Ivs. in dense lateral 

 clusters: Ivs. 5-lobed: fr. ripening in May or June. 



1. saccharinum, Linn. (A. dasycarpum, Ehrh. A. 

 eriocdrpum, Michx.). SILVER MAPLE. Fig. 15. Large 

 tree, 120 ft. : Ivs. deeply 5-lobed to 5-cleft, 4-6 in. long, 

 green above, silvery white beneath; lobes deeply and 

 doubly serrate: fls. greenish yellow, apetalous: fr. pu- 

 bescent when young. E. N. Amer. S.S. 2:93. G.C. II. 

 1:137. Em. 556. Ornamental tree, with wide-spread- 

 ing, slender branches, growing best in rich and moist 

 soil, but succeeds almost anywhere. Lvs. turn clear 

 yellow in fall. Many garden forms: Var. Wi6ri, Schwer. 

 ( /ar. Wieri laciniatum, Hort.). Branches pendulous: 

 Ivs. deeply cleft, with dissected lobes. A graceful va- 

 riety, remarkable for its drooping branches and finely 

 divided foliage. Var. heterophyllum, Hort. (var. hetero- 

 phyllum laciniatum, Hort.). Upright: Ivs. deeply cut 

 or lobed. Var. tripartitum, Hort. Upright : Ivs. 3- 

 parted. Var. lutescens, Hort. Lvs. yellow, bronze-col- 

 ored when unfolding. Var. albo-variegatum, Hort. 

 (var. Jilhlkei, Hort.). Lvs. spotted with white or rosy 

 pink. Var. crispum, Hort. Lvs. deeply cut and crimped. 

 Linnaeus evidently supposed this species to be th'e 

 sugar maple, and named it accordingly. He did not 

 know the true sugar maple. 



2. rubrum, Linn. RED OR SCARLET MAPLE. Fig. 16. 

 Large tree, 120 ft. : Ivs. 3-5-lobed, 3-4 in. long, green 

 above, pale or glaucous beneath; lobes unequally and 

 crenately serrate: fls. red or scarlet, rarely yellowish; 

 petals 5: fr. glabrous. E. N.. Amer. S.S. 2:94. Em. 557. 

 G.C. II. 1:173. Very valuable tree for street and park 

 planting; attractive at every season from its excellent 

 habit, earliness of the scarlet fls., bright red fruits in 

 late spring, and the beautiful foliage, which turns bright 

 scarlet or orange in autumn. Var. Colunmare, Rehd. 

 Of upright, columnar habit. Var. globdsum, Hort. 

 Dwarf, compact: Ivs. glaucous beneath : fls. bright scar- 

 let. Var. Drummondi, Sarg. (A. Drummondi, Hook. & 

 Arn.K Lvs. large, mostly 3-lobed, tomentose beneath 

 fr. bright scarlet. S. states. S.S. 2:95. Var. tomentu- 



