ADIANTUM 



27 



32. monochlamys, I). ('. Eaton. Fronds ovate-deltoid, 

 6-12 in. lung, tripimmte ; leaflets Kin. wide, cuneate at 

 the base, the upper edge rounded, slightly toothed, with 

 a single sorus or rarely two in a decided hollow at the 

 upper edge. Jap. 



33. venustum, Don. Fronds ovate-deltoid, tri-quadri- 

 pinnate, 6-12 in. long ; leaflets cuneate at the base, %in. 

 wide, with the upper edge irregularly rounded or with 

 3 indistinct lobes, finely toothed, bearing 1-3 sori in dis- 

 tinct hollows. Ind. 



BBB. Leaflets minute, innumerable; fronds 4-6-pinnate. 



34. grracillimum, Hort. Fronds 1 ft. or more long, 

 nearly as wide, 4-6-pinnate, with innumerable very small 

 leaflets, which are %-%m. wide and usually bear a single 

 sorus or rarely two. Dense, compact forms are in cult, 

 tinder the name of A. LeGrdndi. 



AAAAAA. St. climbing, several ft. long, S-4-pinnate. 



35. digitatum, Presl. (A. specibsum, Hook. A. pal- 

 matum, Moore). Fronds 2-3 ft. long on a stalk 18 in. or 

 more long, with palmately lobed leaflets 1 in. or more 

 wide. S. Amer. L. M. UNDERWOOD. 



ADLUM. JOHN. Plate II. Grape experimenter, and 

 author of "Memoir on the Cultivation of the Vine," 1823 

 and 1828, the first separately published American grape 

 book. Born in York, Pa., Apr. 29, 1759. Died at George- 

 town, D. C., Mar. 1, 1836. He was a soldier in the Revo- 

 lution, major in the provisional army in the administra- 

 tion of the elder Adams, and later a brigadier-general in 

 t-he militia of Pennsylvania. He was also a surveyor 

 and civil engineer. He also held an associate judgeship 

 in Lycoming county, Pennsylvania, having been ap- 

 pointed by Gov. Mifflln. He was a friend of Priestly, and 

 endeavored to apply the scientific knowledge of his time 

 to agriculture. He early became interested in the ame- 

 lioration of the native grapes, and established an experi- 

 mental vineyard in the District of Columbia. He en- 

 deavored, but without success, to secure the use of cer- 

 tain public land in Washington for the purpose of " cul- 

 tivating an experimental farm." He brought the Ca- 

 tawba grape to public notice. He was a pioneer in the 

 awakening industrial activity of our new country. The 

 botanist, Raflnesque, commemorated his name in the 

 pretty genus Adlumia ; but otherwise he has remained 

 practically unknown until very recently. For further 

 information, see Bailey, "Evolution of our Native 

 Fruits." L. H. B. 



ADLtTMIA (from John Adlum). Fumariacece. Ahardy 

 biennial vine, which climbs over high bushes in our moist 

 woods. Sow seed in spring in a damp, cool place. Trans- 

 plant in fall, if possible, if transplanted at all. It flowers 

 the first season. 



cirrh6sa,Raf. CLIMBING FUMITORY. MOUNTAIN FRINGE. 

 ALLEGHENY VINE. Figs. 37, 38. Climbs by the slender 

 young leaf -stalks. Lvs. thrice pinnate ; leaflets cut- 

 lobed, delicate : fls. white or purplish, in ample panicles. 

 G.W.F. 13. 



ADONIS ( a favorite of Venus, after his death changed 

 into a flower). Ranunculacece . Hardy annual and per- 

 ennial herbs with showy flowers. Six well known 

 species, natives of temperate regions of Eu. and Asia. 

 Fls. solitary, terminal ; petals 5-16, yellow or red ; car- 

 pels many: st. about 1 foot high, very leafy: Ivs. alter- 

 nate, cut into very narrow divisions: fr. an akene. Cul- 

 ture easy in any good soil, light, moist earth preferred. 

 They thrive in full sun or partial shade; the perennial 

 species well suited for rockwork, borders, etc. Annuals 

 prop, by the seeds, which are slow-germinating, sown 

 in autumn or earliest spring ; perennials by seeds or 

 root divisions. 



A. Annuals : fls. crimson or scarlet. 

 B. St. simple except at top : center of fl. yellow. 



aestivalis, Linn. PHEASANT'S EYE. Stems erect, often 

 branched at top : fls. crimson ; petals flat, obtuse, half 

 longer than calyx. June. Var. citrina, Hoffm., is a 

 garden Tariety with citron-yellow fls. 



BB. St. branched: center of fl. dark. 

 autumnalis, Linn. FLOS ADONIS. Fig. 39. St. branched: 

 fls. small, crimson, with dark center, globose ; petals 



6-8, concave, slightly larger than calyx. May-July. Gn 

 12, p. 131. Sparingly naturalized. 



A A. Perennials: fls. yellow. 



B. St. not branched. 



vernalis, Linn. (A. Apennlna, Jacq. A. Davitrica, 

 Reichb.). SPRING ADONIS. St. simple: lower Ivs. scale 



Flower of Adlumia 

 Natural size. 



like, others with lobes 

 numerous, entire: fls. 

 large ; petals 10-15, lan- 

 ceolate, slightly 

 toothed; sepals smooth. 

 Early spring. Gn. 5, p. 

 519; 39:797. A.distdrta, 

 Tenore, from Italy ; a 

 form with later fls. 



Apennina, Linn. (A. 

 vernalis, var. Sibirica, 

 DC. A. Sibirica, Pat- 

 rin.). This species is 

 much like A. vernalis .- 

 fls. larger : lower Ivs. 

 sheath-like. Apr. Si- 

 beria. 



BB. St. branched. 



Pyrenaica, DC. St. 

 branched: petals 8-10, 

 obtuse, smaller than in 

 A. vernalis: lower Ivs. 

 with long branched pe- 

 tioles; upper ones ses- 

 sile.the numerous lobes 

 always entire. July.Gn. 

 39,p. 269. A.Ircuti&na, 

 DC., a form with some 

 radical leaves ; lobes 

 dentate. 



Volgensis, Stev. (A. 

 Wolgtnsis, Hort.). 



Much like A. vernalis, but st. branched: Ivs. scale-like 

 at base, petioled or sessile above: fls. like .4. Pyrenaica, 

 but sepals pubescent on under side. Apr. Volga region. 



A. Amurensis, Regel & Radde, a beautiful species, with broad 

 yellow fls. ; not much cult, in Amer. ; has many Japanese varie- 

 ties. B.M.7490. GKM.40: 169. Gn.52: 1125 A.microcdrpa, DC., is 

 a pale-flowered variation of A. sestivalis. A.parviflora, Fisch. 



K. C. DAVIS. 



.ECHMfiA (from aichme, point; referring to the rigid 

 points on the calyx). Bromeliacece. The ^Echmeas are 

 closely allied to the Billbergias, from which they are dis- 

 tinguished by smaller flowers, which are little exserted 

 from the calyx and not widely expanding, short filaments 

 and small anthers, sharp-pointed sepals and conspicuous 

 sharp-pointed flower-bracts. They are epiphytic herbs, 

 of about 60 species, natives of Trop. S. Amer. Flower- 

 cluster arising from a cluster or rosette of long, hard 

 leaves, which are usually serrate ; petals 3, tongue- 

 shaped, obtuse or pointed, 2-3 times the length of the 

 spine-pointed calyx-lobes ; stamens 6, shorter than the 



37. Adlumia cirrhosa. 



