76 



APIUM 



APPLE 



APIUM. See Celery. 



APLECTRUM (Greek, with no spur). Orchidclcece. A 

 small orchid, with smallish dull-colored fls. in a raceme, 

 on a leafless scape, which springs from a large corm-like 

 tuber. Single species, in woods in the N. states. 



hyemale, Nutt. PUTTY ROOT. ADAM-AND-EVE. Fig. 

 103. Sends up a pointed green If. 2-6 in. long, which 

 lasts through the winter, and in spring a stalk about a 

 foot high, bearing a raceme of rather large greenish 

 brown fls., which are succeeded by 

 hanging, oblong-pointed pods (Fig. 

 103). Hardy. May be grown in rich, 

 loamy borders. Interesting, but not 

 showy. 



APLOPAPPUS (Greek, simple 

 pappus ) . Syn . , Hap lopappus . Com - 

 positce. About 115 species, mostly 

 from California and Chili. Fls. yel- 

 low, in summer and autumn. The 

 only species known to be in Ameri- 

 can trade is 



lanugindsus, Gray. Hardy alpine 

 herb, woolly, 4 in. high, from creep- 

 ing rootstocks : Ivs. soft, narrowly 

 spatulate, or upper linear, 1-2 in. 

 long : rays 15-20. Mts. of Wash, 

 and Mont. Int. 1889, by F. H. Hors- 

 ford. 



A. ericoldes, Hook. & Arn. Shrub, 2-5 

 ft. high : Ivs. very numerous, filiform, 

 those of the dense fascicles 2 or 3 lines 

 long: fls.very numerous. G.C. III. 20: 301. 



APOCYNUM (Greek for dog-bane). 

 Apocynacece. DOG-BANE. INDIAN 

 HEMP. Tough perennial herbs, chiefly 

 of N. Temp, zone, with oblong or 

 ovate opposite Ivs., milkweed-like fls. 

 in small cymes, and slender follicles 

 or pods. About 25 species, 3 or 4 native 

 to N. Amer. 



androsaemifolium, Linn. Three ft. 

 or less high, usually glabrous, the 

 branches spreading : lobes of corolla 

 revolute and tube of corolla longer 

 than the calyx : Ivs. oval or ovate, 

 short-petioled : cymes loose: fls. bell- 

 like, white or pink. N. states : com- 

 mon. B.M. 280. D. 189. -Sold by 

 dealers in native plants. Useful for 

 the hardy border. 



cannabinum, Linn. Branches erect- 

 or nearly so: lobes of corolla nearly 

 erect, the tube not longer than calyx: 

 Ivs. ovate to lance-oblong, short- 

 petioled : cymes dense: fls. greenish 

 white. N. states: common. Not 

 known to be in the trade, but apt to 

 be confounded with the above. 



APONOGfiTON (Greek name, re- 

 ferring to its habitat in the water). 

 Naiadacece. About 20 tropical or sub- 

 103. Fruit of Aplec- tropical water plants. Fls. in twin 

 trum hyemale. terminal spikes, wholly naked, but 

 Nearly natural size, subtended by a double row of petal- 

 like bracts. 



distachyum, Thunb. CAPE POND-WEED. WATER HAW- 

 THORN (from the fragrance). Forked spikes 4-8 in. long, 

 with several pairs of pure white bracts, borne on the 

 emersed ends of long scapes : fls. very fragrant, with 

 purple anthers : Ivs. with very long petioles, the blade 

 floating, oblong-lanceolate, round-based, parallel-veined, 

 3-6 in. long. Cape of Good Hope. B.M. 1293. F.R. 

 1 : 463. P.G. 4: 106. -A charming and interesting plant. 

 In a protected pool, especially if it can be covered in 

 winter, the plant is hardy in the N., blooming nearly all 

 summer. Removed to tubs in the fall, it blooms nearly 

 all winter ; or it can be grown permanently in tubs or 

 deep pans in the house. Requires about 2 ft. of water, 



or out-of-doors it may have twice that depth. Prop, 

 chiefly by seeds, but fls. should be pollinated and kept 

 above water at least 24 hours afterwards, and seeds not 

 be allowed to become dry. Var. Lagrangei, Hort. (A. 

 Lagrangei, Hort.), is a rare and beautiful variety, with 

 violet bracts and Ivs. violet beneath. It props, slowly. 

 R.H. 1895:380. L< H B 



APPLE. Rosacea?. TheApple is native to southwestern 

 Asia and adjacent Europe. It has been cultivated from 

 time immemorial. Charred remains of the fruit are found 

 in the prehistoric lake dwellings of Switzerland. Now 

 widely cultivated and immensely variable, it is grown 

 in every temperate climate, and is the most important 

 commercial pomological fruit. 



TheApple has come from two original stems. All the 

 common Apples are modifications of Pyrus Mains (see 

 Pyrus), a low round-headed tree, with thick and fuzzy, 

 irregularly dentate, short-stemmed leaves and fairly com- 

 pact clusters of woollystemmed flowers. The crab- 

 apples are derived from Pyrus baccata, commonly known 

 as the Siberian crab. This species is probably of more 

 northern or eastern origin than the other. It is of smoother 

 and more wiry growth, with narrower and thinner es- 

 sentially glabrous long-stemmed leaves, and more open 

 clusters of glabrous-stemmed flowers. The fruit is small 

 and hard, and the calyx-lobes fall at maturity, leaving the 

 eye or basin of the fruit smooth and plain. Hybrids be- 

 tween these species have given the race of large-fruited 



104. A ten-year-old Nebraska Apple orchard. 

 The trunks are protected from the sun by board jackets. 



crab-apples, of which the Transcendent and Hyslop are 

 examples. This race is known to botanists as Pyrus 

 pruni folia. CertainApples are native to North America. 

 Two species, Pyrus loensis and P. corona ria , are of in- 

 terest to the pomologist. The former is the prairie- 

 states crab, and is the more promising. In characters of 

 growth, leaves and flowers, it bears a striking resem- 

 blance to forms of Pyrus Malus. The fruit is spherical 

 or spherical-oblong, short-stemmed, very hard, and re- 

 mains green-colored. Th'e fruit of the eastern-states 

 crab, Pyrus coronaria, is distinctly flattened endwise, 

 and is long-stemmed. The leaves are deep-cut and often 

 three-lobed. There are no improved varieties of this 

 eastern species, and no authentic hybrids between it and 

 the common Apples. The fruit is sometimes used by set- 

 tlers, but it has little comestible value. Pyrus loensis 

 has produced a number of promising hybrids with the 

 common Apple, and this mongrel race is known as> Pyrus 

 Soulardi. The Soulard crab is the best known of these,. 

 Its value lies only in its extreme hardiness. The pomo- 

 logical value of the native crabs is prospective. For 

 a completer account of the native Apples, see Bailey 

 "Evolution of our Native Fruits." 



The most perfect Apple region of this country consid 

 ering productiveness, quality, long-keeping attributes, 

 longevity of tree is that which begins with Nova Scotia 

 and extends to the west and southwest to Lake Michigan. 

 Other important regions are the Piedmont country of 

 Virginia and the highlands of adjacent states, the Plains 

 regions, the Ozark and Arkansas region, and the Pacific 



