AQUILEGIA 



lobes rather narrow and deep ; lower st.-lvs. petioled, 

 biternate : sepals oblong, obtuse, ascending, greenish, 

 equaling the broad, greenish petal-limb, but not reaching 

 the head of stamens ; spur straight, slender, Kin. long, 

 not knobbed: pubescent follicles as short as their styles. 

 Summer. E. Siberia. Not so much used as the follow- 

 ing variety : 



Var. atropurpurea, Vilm. (A. atropurpurea, Willd.). 

 Limbs of the petals deep blue or lilac-purple, and the 

 sepals and spur somewhat tinged with the same hue. 

 B.R. 922. 



5. Canad6nsis, Linn. COMMON COLUMBINE of America. 

 Fig. 124. Height 1-2 ft. : primary divisions of petioles 

 of root-lvs. 1-2 in., having 3 divisions ; 2 or 3 of the st.- 

 lvs. petioled, biternate : fls. several to a st. ; sepals yel- 

 lowish or tinted on the back with red, about Kin. long, 

 not reflexing ; limb of petals a little shorter, yellowish, 

 truncate ; spur %in. long, nearly straight, knobbed at 

 the end, bright red throughout; stamens much protrud- 

 ing : follicles %in. long, with styles half as long. May- 

 July. Stony banks, etc., east of Rocky Mts. Int. 1890. 

 B.M. 246. L.B.C. 9: 888. Mn. 5: 21. R.H. 1896, p. 109. 

 G W.F. 1. There are some beautiful hybrids of this 

 and the blue species. Var. nana, Hort. Plant 1 ft. high 

 or less: fls. like the type. 



Var. flavescens, Hook. A pale-lvd. yellow-fld. variety. 

 Very pretty. Int. 1889. This has often been called A . 

 flavescens, Wats.; A. ccerulea, var. flavescens, Lawson; 

 and A. flaviflora, Tenney ; A. Canadensis, var. Ham- 

 flora, Brit. B.M. 6552 B. 



6. Buergeriana, Sieb. & Zucc. (A. atropurpurea, 

 Miq.). More slender than A. vulgar is ; 1 ft. high, 

 finely pubescent toward the top ; branched to form sev- 

 eral heads, bearing 2-3-petioled, biternate Ivs.; partial- 

 petioles of basal Ivs. K-l in. long, with 3 sessile divis- 

 ions : fls. yellow, tinted with purple, 1-1% in. in diam.; 

 sepals /4in. long, acute, spreading ; spurs erect, nearly 

 straight, as long as the limb of petals, and about equal- 

 ling the sepal; head of stamens equal to limb in length: 

 follicles pubescent, Min. long, style half as long. Early. 

 Japan. Brought from St. Petersburg, 1892. 



AA. Sepals about 1 in. long : expanded fl. about % in. 



in diameter. 

 B. Spttrs shorter than the petal-limb, and incurved. 



7. flabellata, Sieb. & Zucc. Stem 1-1% ft., few-fld.: 

 partial-petioles of root-lvs. 1 in. or more, Ifts. nearly 

 sessile ; st.-lvs. large and petioled : fls. bright lilac, or 

 pale purple or white ; sepals 1 in. long, obtuse ; limb of 

 petal half as long, often white in the lilac-fld. form; spur 

 shorter than the limb, slender toward the end, much 

 incurved ; stamens not protruding beyond the petal- 

 limbs : follicles glabrous. Summer. Japan. R.H. 1896, 

 p. 109. Var. nana-alba, Hort. (var. f lore-alba f Hort.). 

 Fls. pure wlyte : plant dwarfish. R.B. 15: 157. 



BB. Spiir at least as long as petal-limb. 

 C. Stamens short, not mtich protruding. 



8. leptoceras, Fisch. & Mey. Stem several-fld., about 

 1 ft. high : partial-petioles of root-lvs. over 1 in., Ifts. 

 sessile ; st.-lvs. petioled, biternate : fls. violet, with the 

 tips of the sepals greenish, and tips of the short petal- 

 limb yellow ; spur slender, slightly curved, Kin. long, 

 not knobbed ; stamens protruding a little beyond the 

 limbs of petals : follicles slender, glabrous, nearly 1 in. 

 long. Summer. E.Siberia. B.R. 33:64. F.S. 3:296. 

 Little used in America. 



9. vulgaris, Linn. (A. stelldta, Hort. A. atrata, 

 Koch). COMMON C. of Europe. Stems 1K-2 ft. high, 

 many-fld., finely pubescent throughout : root-lvs. with 

 3 partial -petioles 1K-2 in. long, secondary branches 

 certain, ultimate leaf -lobes shallow and roundish, tex- 

 ture firm ; lower st.-lvs. petioled and biternate : fls. 

 violet, furnished with a claw, acute, 1 in. long, half as 

 wide ; petal-limb %in. long, equaling the head of sta- 

 mens ; spur about same length, stout, much incurved, 

 knobbed : follicles densely pubescent, 1 in. long, style 

 half as long. Summer. Eu., Sib., and naturalized in Am. 

 On. 12, p. 288. Var. flore-plSno, Hort. Fls. much dou- 

 bled, ranging from pure white to deep blue. Here be- 

 long many horticultural varieties with personal names. 



AQUILEGIA 



85 



Var. Vervaeneana, Hort. (var. foliis-aureis, Hort. Var. 

 atroriolacea. Hort.). Lvs. with yellow variegated lines. 

 Var. nivea, Baumg. (var. alba, Hort.). MUNSTEAD'S 

 WHITE C. Often 2-3 ft. high : a great profusion of large, 

 pure white fls. for several weeks in early spring. 



Var. Olympica, Baker (A. Olympica, Boiss. A.Witt- 

 iiniiuiiana, Hort. A. bldnda, Lem.). A fine variety, 

 with several large flowers ; sepals light lilac or bright 

 purple, 1 in. or more in length ; petal-limb white. I.H. 

 4:146. R.H. 1896, p. 108. 



Var. hybrida, Sims. Much like the last variety, but 

 with stout, lilac-purple spurs as long as the sepals, only 

 slightly incurved. Probably a hybrid of A. vulgaris and 

 A. Canadensis. B.M. 1221. 



10. Sibirica, Lam. (A. bicolor, Ehrh. A. Garnieridna, 

 Sweet. A. specidsa, DC.). Stem 1K-2 ft. high, many- 

 fld. ; often nearly glabrous throughout : partial-petioles 

 of root-lvs. 1-2 in., sometimes showing 3 distinct 

 branches; terminal Ifts. 1 in. or more broad, lobes rather 

 shallow and rounded ; lower st.-lvs. petioled and biter- 

 nate : fls. pale or bright lilac-blue ; oblong sepals fully 

 1 in. long, spreading or reflexed a little ; petal-limb half 

 as long, equaling the head of stamens, and often white ; 

 spur rather stout, Kin. or more, very much incurved, 

 or even coiled : follicles glabrous, 1 in. long, style Kin- 

 Summer. E. Siberia. S.B.F.G. II. 1: 90. Var. flore-pleno, 

 Hort. (A. bicolor, var. flore-pleno, Hort.). Fls. much 

 doubled by the multiplication of both the limbs and the 

 spurs. 



Var. spectabilis, Baker (.4. spectdbilis, Lem.). A 

 large, bright lilac-fld. var.; petal-limbs tipped yellow. 

 Amurland. I.H. 11:403. 



cc. Stamens long, protruding far beyond the petal-limb. 



11. formosa, Tesch. (A. Canadensis, var. formosa, 

 Wats.). Habit as in A. Canadensis ; root-lvs. and st.- 

 lvs. like that species, but fls. brick red and yellow, or 

 wholly yellow, and sepals larger, quite twice as long as 

 petal-limb ; spurs more spreading, somewhat more slen- 

 der, and often shorter. May-Aug. Sitka to Calif, and 

 E. to the Rockies. Int. 1881. B.M. 6552. F.S. 8: 795. 

 Gt. 32 : 372. R.H. 1896, p. 108. G.C. 1854 : 836. Var. hy- 

 brida, Hort. (A. Califomica,va,r. hybrida, Hort.). Fls. 

 large, with scarlet sepals and yellow petals ; spurs 

 spreading, long and slender. A supposed .hybrid with 

 A. chrysantha. F.M. 1877: 278. Vick's 1: 33 f. 2. Var. 

 rubra pleno, Hort. (var. flore-pleno, Hort.). Fls. as in 

 var. hybrida, but several whorls of petal-limbs. Var. 

 nana alba, Hort. Fls. pale, often nearly white ; plant 

 not exceeding 1 ft. 



Var. truncata, Baker (A. truncata, Fisch. A. Cali- 

 fdrnica, Lindl.). Fls. with short, thick spurs and very 

 small sepals and a small petal-limb. Int. 1881. F. S. 

 12: 1188 (as A. eximia, Hort.). 



12. Skinneri, Hook. Stem 1-2 ft. high, many-fld., gla- 

 brous : root-lvs. long-petioled, with both primary and 

 secondary divisions long ; Ifts. cordate, 3-parted ; sev- 

 eral st.-lvs. petioled and biternate : sepals green, keeled, 

 lanceolate, acute, never much spreading, %-l in. long ; 

 petal-limb greenish orange, half as long as sepal; spur 

 brigt red, tapering rapidly, over 1 in. long ; stamens 

 protruding far beyond the limb ; styles 3 : f r. , at least 

 when young, bearing broad, membranous, curled wings. 

 After flowering, the peduncles become erect. July-Sept. 

 Mts. of Nor. Mex. B.M. 3919. P.M. 10:199. B.'H.4:1. 

 F.S. 1:17. Vick's 1:33 f. 5 (poor). -A handsome plant, 

 requiring a light soil in a sunny border. Var. flore- 

 pleno, Hort. Fls. double. Gt.34:57. Very fine. 



BBB. Spurs very long, several times the length of 

 petal-limb. 



13. chrysantha, Gray (A. leptoceras, var. chrysantha, 

 Hook.). Fig. 125. Height 3-4 ft. : root-lvs. with twice 

 3-branched petioles, Ifts. biternate ; st.-lvs. several, 

 petioled : fls. many on the plant, 2-3 in. across ; sepals 

 pale yellow, tinted claret, spreading horizontally ; petal- 

 limb deep yellow, shorter than the sepals, and nearly as 

 long as the head of stamens ; spur rather straight, very 

 slender, divergent, about 2 in. long, descending when 

 fl. is mature : follicles glabrous, 1 in. long ; style half 

 as long. May-Aug. N. Mex. and Ariz. Gn. 16:198. B.M. 



