ARKANSAS 



AROIDE.E 



99 



SECTION 4. This section comprises the low lands of 

 the eastern part of the state. It ranges in elevation 

 from 130 to 350 feet, and the lard is low and flat, with the 

 exception of a ridge a few miles vide running through 

 it north and south. But little fruit is grown in this 

 section for commercial purposes ; however, fruits could 

 be grown successfully for market in some parts of 

 it, and early vegetables are now grown for market at 

 several points. JOHN T. STINSON. 



ARMENlACA. See under Prnnus. 



ARMfiRIA (an old Latin name). Plumbagindcece. 

 SEA PINK. THRIFT. Small perennial herbs, with rosettes 

 of narrow evergreen Ivs. on the ground, sending up 

 a naked simple scape 2-12 in. high, on which is borne a 

 compact head of pink, lilac or white fls., the head being 

 subtended by small bracts, forming a kind of involucre. 

 Species much confused. They are excellent for borders, 

 especially where a low edging is wanted; also for rock- 

 work. They are of easiest culture, being hardy and free 

 growers. Prop, by division of the stools; also by seeds. 

 See Boissier, in DeCandolle's Prodromus, vol. 12. 



A. Calyx-tube pilose all over. 



maritima, Willd. Lvs. linear, 1-nerved, somewhat ob- 

 tuse, glabrous or slightly ciliate : scape low, somewhat 

 villose ; calyx-tube about the length of the pedicel, the 

 limb nearly equal to the tube, with very short ovate and 

 aristate lobes. Eu. and Amer., along the sea coast. 

 The A. vulgaris of horticulturists seems to belong here. 

 A. Laucheana, Hort., with very bright rose-colored fls., 

 is a form of it. Var. alba, Hort., has white fls. Also a 

 white-lvd. form. A. argentea, Hort., is perhaps another 

 form, with small white fls. 



Sibfrica, Turcz. Lvs. linear, 1-nerved, obtuse, gla- 

 brous : scape rather taller, thicker ; calyx -tube longer 

 than pedicel, the limb about length of tube, with tri- 

 angular, short-mucronate lobes : involucre brown : fls. 

 white. Siberia. 



juncea, Girard (A. setacea, Delile). Outer Ivs. of 

 rosette narrow-linear and subdentate, the inner ones 

 longer and filiform: head small, with pale involucre, the 

 pedicel much shorter than the calyx-tube : calyx-limb 

 short, the lobes ovate-obtuse and aristate: fls. pink. Eu. 



AA. Calyx-tube glabrous, or pilose only on tTte ridges. 

 B. Lvs. elliptic -lanceolate or broader. 



latifdlia, Willd. (A. cep~haUt.es, Link & Hoffm., not 

 Hook.). Glabrous and glaucous: Ivs. broad -oblong, 5-7- 

 nerved, the margin remotely denticulate: head large, the 

 involucre dry : calyx-limb long, with very small or no 

 lobes and long teeth: fls. bright pink. S. Eu. B.M.7313. 

 P.M. 11:79 (as Statice Pseudo-Armeria). A. formdsa, 

 Hort., probably belongs here. 



Mauritania, Wallr. (A. cephalotes, Hook., not Link 

 & Hoffm.). Lvs. broad-spatulate or elliptic-lanceolate, 

 3-5 nerved, glaucous-green, the margin scarious-white : 

 heads large (2-3 in. across), the involucre brownish, the 

 calyx short-toothed and aristate : fls. pink. Eu., Algeria. 

 B.M. 4128. 



BB. Lvs. linear-lanceolate or narrower. 



alpina, Willd. Glabrous : Ivs. linear-lanceolate, equal- 

 ing the scape, 1-nerved or obscurely 3-nerved : head 

 large, the involucre pale brown : pedicels shorter than 

 calyx-tube, the tube equaling the oblong long-aristate 

 lobes : fls. deep rose. Mts., Eu. 



elongata, Hoffm. Lvs. linear, long, 1-nerved, acutish: 

 involucre white : pedicels as long as calyx -tube, limb 

 equaling the tube, and the lobes ovate-aristate : pink. 

 Var. purpurea, Boiss. (A.purpiirea, Koch), has purple 

 heads. Central Eu. 



plantagfnea, Willd. Glabrous : Ivs. linear-lanceolate, 

 3-7-nerved, acute or acuminate : scape tall : head dense 

 and globular, the involucre white : pedicels as long as 

 calyx-tube, the lobes ovate and long-aristate and as long 

 as tube ; pink. Central and S. Eu. Var. leucantha, 

 Boiss. (A. dianthoides, Hornm. & Spreng.), has white 

 flowers. 



argyroc6phala, Wallr. ( A . undulata, Boiss.). Gla- 

 brous : outer Ivs. in rosette, short and lanceolate or 

 linear-lanceolate and 3-nerved and often sinuate, the in- 

 ner ones linear or setaceous and 1-3-nerved : head large, 

 the involucre white : pedicel nearly as long as calyx- 

 tube, the calyx-limb with long-triangular aristate lobes ; 

 fls. white, showy. Greece. L R B ftnd j R KBLMBIU 



ARMERIASTRUM. See Acantholimon. 

 ARNATTO. See Bixa. 



ARNEBIA (Arabic name). Boraginacece. Annual or 

 perennial hispid herbs, of nearly 20 species in Africa 

 and Asia. Lvs. alternate : fls. yellow or violet, in ra- 

 cemes or cymes, the color changing with the age of the 

 blossom ; corolla slender-tubed, with 5 obtuse lobes. 



echioides, DC. (Macrotbmia echioldes, Boiss. ) . PROPH- 

 ET -FLOWER. Hardy perennial, 3-12 in. high, short- 

 hairy, with spreading, obovate-oblong Ivs. : fls. in a 

 scorpioid raceme or spike, yellow, with purple spots, 

 fading to pure yellow. Caucasus, Armenia, etc. B.M. 

 4409. G.C. II. 11 : 689. Blooms in spring. In full sun or 

 in rather dry ground, it is difficult to keep this charm- 

 ing plant in a healthy condition ; partial shade is essen- 

 tial to its welfare. One can grow luxuriant specimens 

 on the northern slope of a rockery or close to a build- 

 ing on the east or north side. Prop, by seeds, division, 

 or by root-cuttings. 



cornuta, Fisch. & Meyer. ARABIAN PRIMROSE. An- 

 nual, 2ft., bushy: Ivs. lanceolate or linear-oblong, 

 pointed : fls. % in. across, yellow and black-spotted, 

 changing to maroon and then to yellow. Orient. G.C. 

 111.7:52. J.H. III. 31:29. A. F. 5: 400. A. G. 44:181 

 (1890). An attractive and not very common annual, 

 easily grown in the open. 



A . Grtffithii, Boiss. Annual : Ivs. narrow-oblong, obtuse, cili- 

 ate : fls. long-tubed, with a black spot in each sinus : 9-12 in. 

 India. B.M. 5266. Not known to be in the American trade. 

 L. H. B. and J. B. KELLER. 



ARNICA (ancient name). Compdsitce. Small genus 

 of perennial herbs, with clustered root-lvs. and large, 

 long-peduncled yellow heads. Native to Eu., Asia, and 

 N. Amer. Tincture of the European .4. montana is used 

 in medicine. Grown mostly as alpines or in rockwork ; 

 some species also grow fairly well in the common bor- 

 der. Prop, by division, and rarely by seeds. 



A. Radical Ivs. cordate, with slender or winged petioles. 



cordifolia, Hook. Two ft. or less high, hairy : heads, 

 few or even solitary, with inch-long rays ; involucre % 

 in. high, pubescent. Rocky Mts. and W. 



latifdlia, Bong. Glabrous or very nearly so, the stem- 

 Ivs. not cordate or petioled : heads smaller than in pre- 

 ceding. Rocky Mts. and W. 



AA. Radical Ivs. not cordate, but petioled. 



amplexicaulis, Nutt. Glabrous or nearly so : Ivs. ovate 

 to lance-oblong, acute, those on the stem clasping and 

 dentate : stem leafy to the top. Oregon and N. 



folidsa, Nutt. Pubescent : Ivs. lanceolate, strongly 

 nerved, small-toothed, the upper ones somewhat clasp- 

 ing : heads sometimes solitary, short-peduncled : stem 

 leafy, strict. Rocky Mts. and W. 



montana, Linn. MOUNTAIN TOBACCO. MOUNTAIN 

 SNUFF. A foot high, the stem sparsely hairy : radical 

 Ivs. oblong-lanceolate, glabrous and entire : heads 3-4, 

 large. Eu. B. M. 1749. J. H. III. 34: 441. -The best 

 known species in cult.; but none of the Arnicas are 

 common in American gardens. L. jj t jj 4 



AROIDEJE, or ARACEJE. A KOI us. A large order of 

 spathe-bearing, tuberous herbaceous plants, containing 

 many of the most highly prized greenhouse plants. The 

 culture of Aroids is too diverse to be given in any one 

 place. See the leading genera, &sAglaonema, Alocasia, 

 Anthurium, Ariscema, Arum, Caladiutn, Colocasia, 

 Dieffenbachia, Dracunculus, Helicodiceros , Homalo* 

 mena, Monstera, Philodendron, Richardia, Schizmato- 

 glottis, Spathiphyllum, Xanthosoma, etc, 



