ASPLENIUM 



ASTER 



111 



15. cuneatum, Lam. Lvs. 12-16 in. long, 4-6 in. wide, 

 tripinnate below, the ultimate divisions broadly obtuse 

 above and strongly cuneate below ; sori linear, usually 

 long for the size of the segments. Trop. regions 

 generally. 



16. fragrans, Swartz (A. fceniculaceum, Kunth.). 

 Lvs. 2-3-pinnate ; ultimate segments lanceolate, sharp- 

 serrate above ; veins simple or the lowest forked : sori 

 oblong, extending from midrib to near base of the lobes : 

 petiole brownish, rachis flattened. W. Ind. S. 1: 577. 



cc. Ultimate division rhombic, sharply spinulose: 

 texture herbaceous. 



17. fontanum, Bernh. Growing in dense clusters : 

 Ivs. 3-6 in. long, 1 in. or more wide, 2-pinnate; segments 

 with 2-5 spinulose teeth which are widely divergent : 

 sori at maturity covering nearly the entire surface of 

 the segments. Eng. and Spain to the Himalayas. S. 

 1 : 574. 



000. intimate divisions longer, not spinulose: texture 

 membranous or herbaceous. 



18. bulbiferum, Forst. (A. ldxum,Hort.). Lvs. 1- 

 long, 6-8 in. wide, 3-pinnatifld ; pinnae tapering to a 

 slender toothed point : often bearing bulbs from which 

 new plants originate while still attached to the leaf. 

 Afr. and Australasia. S. 1 : 508. 



19. rnizophyllum, Kunze (A. myriophyllum, Presl.). 

 Fig. 159. Growing in extensive tufts, with grayish 

 brown stalks and rachises : Ivs. 6-15 in. long, 3-pinnate 

 or 4-pinnatifid, the ultimate segments frequently deeply 

 2-lobed with a single sorus to each division. Fla. to S. 

 Araer. 



20. cicutarium, Swz. Lvs. 3-pinnatifld with a winged 

 rachis, 8-18 in. long ; pinnules ovate, with 5-7 narrow 

 divisions, each bearing a single sorus ; texture thin, 

 membranous. Trop. Amer., rare in Fla. 



AA. Sori linear, marginal or submarginal, on narrow, 

 linear, ultimate divisions of the leaf. (Darea.) 



B. Lvs.bipinnatifid, less than a foot long. 



21. obtusilobum, Hook. Lvs. 4-7 in. long, 2 in. wide 

 or less, with about 10 pinnae, which are made up of 5-7 

 narrow segments bearing occasional sori on the outer 

 margin of the segments. New Hebrides and Fiji Isls. 

 8.1:624. 



BB. Lvs. 2-pinnate or 3-pinnatifid, over a foot long. 

 C. Pinnae, short, with close segments. 



22. rutae!61ium, Kunze. Lvs. 13-15 in. long, with 12-20 

 pinnae on each side, each with 7-11 narrow segments, 



2 or 3 of the lower ones 2-fld. or rarely 3-fld. S. Afr., 

 Ind. and Jap. 



23. Belangeri, Kunze. Fig. 160. Lvs. 15-18 in. long, 



3 in. wide, with numerous horizontal pinnae on each side, 

 cut into about 12 segments on either side, which are set 

 nearly at right angles to tne rachis ; the lower basal 

 segment often forked. E. Ind. 



160. Asplenium Belangeri. 



cc. Pinnae, longer, with scattered narrowly linear 



segments. 



24, viviparum, Presl. Lvs. 15-24 in. long, 6-8 in. wide, 

 on rather short stalks with pinnatifid pinnules and ulti- 

 mate segments, which are narrowly linear and often 



forked : plant often bulb-bearing, like A. bulbiferum. 

 Mauritius and Bourbon. Cult, under various names. 

 S. 1: 062. A. ndbilis, Hort., is a garden variety. 



AAA. Sori more or less curved, sometimes horseshoe- 

 shaped : Ivs. ample, 2-4 pinnatifid. 



25. Filix-foemina, Bernh. Lvs. 18 in. to 3 ft., broadly 

 ovate-oblong, bipinnate ; pinnae 4-8 in. long, lanceolate, 

 with numerous more or less pinnately incised or serrate 

 segments. Eu. and N. Amer. Very variable, especially 

 in cult. Schneider describes 56 varieties. 



26. thelypteroides, Michx. Lvs. 1-2 ft. long, on long, 

 straw-colored stalks : 6-12 in. wide, 2-pinnatifid, with 

 linear-lanceolate pinnae ; segments crowded, oblong, 

 minutely toothed : sori 10-12 to each segment. Rich 

 soil in the eastern U. S. S. 1: 651. 



27. spinulosum, Baker. Lvs. 9-12 in. each way, del- 

 toid, 3-4-pinnatifid, with 9-12-pinnae on either side, the 

 lowest much the largest ; segments short and sharply 

 toothed. China and Jap. 



Supplementary list of less common trade names : A. aculed- 

 tum, Hort. Hab. IA. arbdreutn. See Diplazium. A. biti- 

 dum=A.. lineatum. A. decussdtum. See Callipteris. A. ellip- 

 ticum, Hort., a trade name. A. fldccidum, Forst. Coolhouse 

 basket fern from Australia, Tasmania and N. Z. Fronds 2-3 ft. 

 long, 4-8 in. broad ; stipes stout, flexible, greenish, naked ; 

 pinnae numerous, close or distant, lanceolate, leathery, 4-8 in. 

 long, %-%in. broad. Very variable. A. Goringidnum, var. 

 pictum, Mettenius. (Athyrium Groringianum, var. pictum, 

 Hort.). Distinguished from all other members of the genus by 

 the bright color of its entirely deciduous fronds, which are 10- 

 15 in. long, spear-shaped, and pendulous. Possibly the only 

 hardy variegated fern. It, however, needs glass protection for 

 best results. Stalks purple or claret-colored; Ivs. green with a 

 central band of gray; Ifts. divided into sharply toothed pinnules 

 on which the oblong or kidney-shaped sori are arranged in two 

 rows parallel to the mid vein. Jap. A. Idnceum. See Dipla- 

 zium. A. lineatum, Swz. Warmhouse species from Mauritius 

 and Bourbon, is very variable, running into forms with Ifts. 

 again pinnate, which have either small, linear pinnules or these 

 again twice cut: Ivs. 1-2 ft. long, 4-6 in. wide : stalks erect, 6-9 

 in. long, more or less scaly. A. longissimum, Blume. The best 

 of all the genus for large baskets. Lvs. 2-3 ft. long, 4-6 in. 

 broad ; stalks blackish, 3-12 in. long ; Ifts. sessile, auricled. 

 E. Ind. 8.1:602. A. macrophyllum, Swz. Coolhouse species 

 from Polynesia, Malaya, China, and Himalayas. Lvs. 6-18 in. 

 long, 6-12 in. wide ; stalks brownish ; Ifts. 6-12 pairs, stalked, 

 3-6 in. long, 1-3 in. wide, sharp-pointed, serrate. A. Nidus, or 

 A. Nidus- Avis. See Thamnopteris. A . Shepherdi, Spreng. See 

 Diplazium. 



L. M. UNDERWOOD. 



ASPRfcLLA. See Asperella. 



ASTER (a star). Compdsitce. ASTER. STARWORT. 

 MICHAELMAS DAISY. A large temperate-zone genus of 

 attractive but botanically-confused 

 herbs, particularly abundant in N. 

 Amer. The genus is characterized 

 by numerous flattish rays (white, 

 blue, red, or purple), slender style 

 appendages, compressed several - 

 nerved akenes, and an involucre 

 with unequal bracts in few or sev- 

 eral rows, the pappus simple, soft, 

 and abundant (Fig. 161). Leafy- 

 stemmed, mostly blooming in the 

 autumn. Some of the species are 

 annual, but those in cult, are per- 

 ennial (or rarely biennial). All are 

 easy of cultivation in ordinary soil 

 and exposures, and are among the 

 best plants for the hardy border 

 or for naturalizing in the freer 

 parts of the grounds They grow 161 D - sk fl t of 

 readily from seeds, but are gen- Aster 



erally prop by division of the a , pappus; ^rolla; 

 clumps. Cahmeris and Linosyris c , stamens ; d, styles, 

 are kept distinct in this book. 



A. Old World Asters, some of them old garden plants, 



and somewhat modified by cult. 

 B. Stems simple and scape-like, bearing a single fl. 



alpinus, Linn. Lvs. entire and spatulate, forming a 

 cluster on the ground, those on the stem small and 

 linear : st. 3-10 in., bearing a large violet-rayed, hand- 

 some head. B.M. 199. In its wild state, the plant also 



