156 



BERBERIS 



BERTOLONIA 



31:55.!?. ^tfinensis, Prsl. Allied to B. emarginata. Low, 

 dense shrub, with small Ivs. and long spines. Sicily, Sardinia, 

 Corsica. .B. angulosa, Wall. Height 4 ft.: Ivs. deciduous, 

 small, entire or sparsely spinulose : fls. solitary or few. Him- 

 alayas. B.M. 7071. B. Asidtica, Roxb. Three to 10 ft.: Ivs. 

 persistent, oblong, entire or with few teeth, whitish beneath, 

 1-3 in. long : fls. in short, sessile racemes. Himal. B. Bel- 

 stanidna. Hort. = B. virescens. B. brachybbtrys, Edgew. = B. 

 emarginata, var. B. Chitria, Hamilton = B. aristata. B. con- 

 cinna, Hook. Low : Ivs. small, semi-persistent, glaucous be- 

 neath, spinulose : fls. solitary, pendulous. Himal. B.M. 4744. 

 B. congestifldra,Gny. Five to 7ft.: Ivs. persistent, orbicular, 

 or broad-oblong, spinose, glaucous beneath : fls. in dense, glo- 

 bose clusters. Chile. B.M. 6770. .B. coridcea, Lindl. = B. flori- 

 bunda. B. cratceglna, DC. Low : Ivs. small, semi-persistent, 

 entire or spinulose ; fls. in short, erect racemes : fr. blue. Ori- 

 ent to Himal. B. Cretica, Linn. Spines 3-parted : Ivs. decidu- 

 ous, small, usually entire : fls. 2-5, in short, sessile umbels. 

 fc>. Eu., Orient. .B. dealbdta, Lindl. Lvs. persistent, nearly 

 orbicular, with few spiny teeth : racemes short, dense, nodding. 

 Mex. B.R. 21:1750. .g. didphana, Max. Lvs. deciduotis.sparsely 

 spinulose : fls. long-peclicelled, fascicled : fr. translucid. China. 

 B. empetrifblia, Lam. Low : branches slender : Ivs. persist- 

 ent, linear, revolute at the margin : fls. 1-2, slender-peduncled. 

 Chile to Patagonia. B.R. 26:27. .B. fasdculdris, Sims = B. 

 pinnata. B. Fendleri, Gray. Allied to B. Canadensis. Spines 

 3-5-fld : Ivs. obovate-lanceolate, entire or spinulose : racemes 

 dense, pendulous. Colo, to N. Mex. G.F. 1:462. B. floribunda, 

 Wall. Lvs. deciduoiis, entire or sparsely spinulose-ciliate : ra- 

 cemes long-peduncled. Himal. B.R. 27:46 (as B. coriaria) and 

 30:44 (as B. umbellata). B. Gulmpeli, Koch = B. Sinen sis. 

 B. heterophylla, Juss. Lvs. persistent, ovate-lanceolate, entire 

 or with 2-4 spiny teeth : fls. solitary. Straits of Magellan. 

 B. Iberica, Stev. & Fisch. = B. cratsegina. B. Iberica. Hort.= 

 B. vulgaris, var. B. Loxensis, Benth. Lvs. persistent, shining, 

 with few spiny teeth : fls. small, on peduncled, loose racemes. 

 Peru. F.S. 6, p. 69. B. Lycium, Royle. Lvs. semi-^>rsistent, 

 obovate-lanceolate, entire or spinulose : racemes sessile, much 

 longer than the Ivs., drooping: fr. violet. Himal. B.M. 7075. 

 B. pdllida, Benth. Lvs. pinnate, persistent ; Ifts. 9-13, ovate 

 or ovate-lanceolate, spinose : racemes compound, loose. Mex. 

 B.R. 30:16. B. ruscifblia, Lam. Lvs. persistent, oblong, entire 

 or with few coarse teeth at the apex : fls. 4-5 on a short pedun- 

 cle. Argentina. B. serotina, Lange. Allied to B. Sinensis. 

 Lvs. usually entire, bright green : racemes short, dense, pedun- 

 clsd. Origin unknown. B. serrdta, Koehne (B. microphylla, 

 var. serrata, Hort.). Lvs. small, spinulose, deciduous: ra- 

 cemes dense, much shorter than the Ivs. Origin unknown. 

 B. Sibirica, Pall. Lvs. deciduous, obov.ite, remotely dentate- 

 ciliate: fls. short-pedicelled, solitary or 2-3. Siberia. B.R. 6:487. 

 B. Sieboldi, Miq. Low : branches brown, 2-edged towa Is 

 the end : Ivs. oblong, densely ciliate-dentate : raceme few-fld., 

 nodding. Japan. B. Sieboldi, Hort., not Miq. = B. Amurensis, 

 var. B. tenuifolia, Lindl. Lvs. pinnate, persistent ; Ifts. 3-7, 

 lanceolate, entire : racemes nodding, very long and loose. Mex. 

 B.R. 30:26. B. trifolioldta, Moric. (B. trifoliata, Hartw.). Lvs. 

 3-foliolate, persistent ; Ifts. sessile, pale, coarsely spinose- 

 toothed: racemes short, few-fld. Tex. to Mex. B.R. 31:10. 

 F.S. 1:56. P.F.G. 2-.G8.-B. trifurca, Fort. Allied to B. Nepal- 

 ensis, and probably a var. Leaflets oblong-ovate, 3-pointed at the 

 apex and with few teeth at the base. China. P.F.G. 3:57. .B. 

 umbellata, Wall. Lvs. deciduoxis, sparsely serrulate : racemes 

 long-peduneled, umbel-like. Himal. B.M. 2549. B. virescens, 

 Hook. Lvs. deciduous, small, entire or remotely spinulose, 

 pale green : fls. greenish yellow, fascicled, or in very short 

 racemes. B.M. 7116. 



ALFRED REHDEB and FRED W. CARD. 



BERCHEMIA (derivation uncertain). Rhamn&cece . 

 Shrubs, mostly climbing, rarely trees : Ivs. deciduous, 

 alternate, slender, petioled, entire or nearly so, with mi- 

 nute stipules: fls. inconspicuous, 5-merous, in terminal, 

 usually leafy panicles : fr. a small berry-like drupe with 

 2-celled stone. Twelve species in E. Asia, N. Amer., E. 

 Afr. Ornamental climbing shrubs, not quite hardy 

 north, with small, bright green graceful foliage, useful 

 for covering trellis work in sunny positions. They 

 grow in almost any soil. Prop, by seeds and by root 

 cuttings in spring under glass ; also by layering the 

 young shoots and by cuttings of mature wood in fall 

 under glass. 



scandens, Koch (B. volubilis, DC.). SUPPLE JACK. 

 Ten to 15 ft.: Ivs. ovate or oblong-ovate, acuminate, 

 often undulate, 1-2 in. long, with 9-12 pairs of lateral 

 v^ins : fls. greenish white : fr. bluish black. June. 

 S. states. 



racemdsa, Sieb. & Zucc. Closely allied to the former. 

 Lvs. cordate, ovate, with 6-8 pairs of veins : fls. green- 

 ish : fr. first red, becoming black at length. July. Jap., 

 China. Hardier than the former, -not high-climbing; 

 attractive in late summer, with its red fruits. 



ALFRED REHDER. 



BEBGAMOT. Name applied to various aromatic 

 plants, particularly to members of the Labidtre, as 

 Menthas and Monardas. The Bergamot essence of. 

 commerce is made from a citrous fruit. See Citrus. 



BERRIA (after Dr. Andrew Berry, a Madras botanist). 

 Syn., Berry a, DC., not Klein. Tilidcece. A genus of 

 one or two species, with no familiar allies. 



Ammonilla, Roxb. High tree: Ivs. entire, heart-shaped, 

 long-petioled, smooth, 5-7-nerved, alternate : fls. in 

 racemes, small, white, very numerous : fr. a 3-celled cap- 

 sule with 6 wings, the 3-12 seeds with stiff hairs, which 

 readily penetrate the skin and produce a painful itching. 

 Growing abundantly in the Philippines and Ceylon, 

 where it is one of the largest and most valuable timber 

 trees. The wood, being light and strong, is used for 

 building, for oil casks, and for boats. It is exported as 

 "Trincomalee wood." Cult, by Dr. Franceschi, Santa 

 Barbara, Calif. G> T HASTINGS. 



BERTHOLLETIA (after Louis Claude Berthollet, 

 French chemist). Myrtdcece. BRAZIL NUT. PARA 

 NUT. CREAM NUT. NIGGER TOE. Large trees : Ivs. al- 

 ternate, bright green, leathery, about 2 ft. long, G in. 

 broad: fls. cream colored ; calyx parts united and tear- 

 ing into 2 parts when the flower opens ; petals 6, sta- 

 mens many, united into a hood-shaped mass, the upper 

 ones sterile : fr. round, about 6 in. in diam., with a hard 

 shell containing 18-24 3-sided nuts. Fig. 230. Spe- 



230. Bertholletia excelsa. 

 Cross-section of husk, showing Brazil nuts (X %). 



cies 2, both of which furnish Brazil nuts. Curiously 

 enough, the common trade name of the Brazil nut is 

 Castanea, which is properly the name of the genus that 

 includes the chestnuts. 



exc61sa, Humb. & Bonpl. Fig. 230. A tree, 100-150 ft. ; 

 with a smooth trunk 3-4 ft. in diam. : branches near the 

 top. It forms large forests on the banks of the Amazon 

 and Rio Negro. The natives gather the nuts in large 

 quantities, choppingthe fruit open. They are exported in 

 large quantities, chiefly from Para. An oil is expressed 

 from the kernels, and the bark is used at Para for caulk- 

 ing ships. The tree is of little value for decorative pur- 

 poses, and, according to the Bulletin on Nut Culture of 

 the Division of Pomology, U. S. Dept. of Agr., is too 

 tender for growth any where in the United States. Cult. 

 at Santa Barbara, Calif. G> T HASTINGS. 



BERTOLONIA (after A. Bertolini, Italian botanist). 

 Melastomdceoe. Splendid warmhouse foliage plants 

 from Brazil, always dwarf , and sometimes creeping; the 

 garden forms with membranaceous, 5-7-nerved leaves 

 5-8 in. long, and purple beneath : fls. rose-colored, 5- 

 petaled, in scorpioid racemes or spikes. Within the 

 restricted definition of the latest monographer of the 

 Melastomacese (A. Coigneaux, in DC. Mon. Phan. vol. 7), 

 there are only five good species, but some earlier bota- 

 nists do not separate certain allied genera which usu- 

 ally cannot be distinguished by habit alone. The surest 

 character is the inflated and 3-angled or 3-winged calyx 

 of Bertolonia. In Bertolonia, flower-parts are in 5's, but 



