196 



BUPHTHALMUM 



BUXUS 



"BUPHTHALMUM (Greek for ox-eye). Composite^. 

 -A. few European and W. Asian perennial herbs, some- 

 times grown in the hardy border. Heads large, with 

 long yellow rays : Ivs. alternate, entire or dentate : 

 pappus short, often connate into a corona : akenes 

 ig'abrous. Showy plants of easy culture. 



speciosissimum, Ard. Lvs. cordate and clasping, the 

 'upper ones oval and acuminate : heads solitary on the 

 ends of the stems : 2-5 ft., flowering in July and later, 

 salicifoliura, Linn. (B. grandifldrum, Linn.). Lvs. 

 oblong-lanceolate, 3-nerved, somewhat pubescent and 

 slightly serrate : fls. solitary and terminal, large : lower 

 than the last. 



specidsum, Schreb. (B. cordlfbliiim, Waldst. & Kit.). 

 Lvs. very large, cordate, coarse-serrate : fls. very large 

 and showy, on an upward-thickened peduncle : 3-4 ft., 

 blooming in June and later. B. M. 3466, as Telekia spe- 

 dosa. . L. H. B. 



BUPLEURUM (Greek, ox and rib : of no obvious ap- 

 plication). Umbelliferce. Weedy plants of the Old World, 

 of which one (B. rotundi folium, Linn.), is naturalized 

 in the Eastern states, and another (B. falcatum, Linn.), 

 is cult, in Japan for greens (A.G. 13: 9). 



BURBtDGEA (after F. W. Burbidge, who discovered 

 it in Borneo). Scitamindcece. A monotypic genus allied 

 to Hedychium, but with no lateral perianth segments and 

 -the lip reduced to a small blade. The showy orange- 

 scarlet fls. rival cannas in brilliancy. For culture, see 

 Alpinia and Hedychium. 



nitida, Hook, f . Tender herbaceous perennial : height 

 2-3 ft. : rootstock creeping, matted : stems tufted, slen- 

 der : leaf -blades glossy, 4-6 in. long, eared at junction 

 with the sheath : panicle terminal, 4-6 in. long, many- 

 fld. ; inner perianth tube 1-1% in. long ; outer segments 

 l%-2 in. long, orange-scarlet, the dorsal one shorter 

 and more roundish than the 2 lateral ones. B. M*. 6403. 

 Sold by Siebrecht & Son. 



BURCHELLIA (W. Burchell, botanical traveler). 

 JRubi&cew. One species from S. Afr., an evergreen 

 hrub, with opposite short-petioled Ivs. and dense ter- 

 minal clusters of sessile scarlet fls.: corolla tubular, 

 "bell shaped ; stamens 5, inserted in the tube : fr. a 2- 

 celled, many seeded berry. B. Cap6nsis, R. Br., is in 

 the Amer. trade, being cult, for its rich, dark foliage 

 and brilliant fls. It is very variable, and has received 

 several names. 3-10 ft. Prop, by cuttings. Grown un- 

 der glass. B.M.2339. R.H. 1886:420. J.H. III. 34: 81. 



BURDOCK. See Arctium. 

 BURLINGTONIA. See Rotriguezia. 



BURNET (Potirium Sanguisbrba, Linn.). A hardy 

 rosaceous perennial, the piquant Ivs. of which are some- 

 times used in flavoring soups and salads. The dried 

 'roots are occasionally used as a family remedy. Burnet 

 tls little known in this country as a condimental herb. 

 It is worthy a place in the hardy border for the orna- 

 'tnental character of its odd-pinnate Ivs. and its little 

 iheads of fls. with drooping stamens. The leaflets are 

 very dark green, ovate and notched. Stems 1-2 ft. high, 

 bearing oblong or globular monoecious heads. Of easiest 

 culture, either from seeds or by division of the clumps. 

 Native of Europe. , H. B. 



BURNING-BUSH. See Euonymus. 

 BURRIELIA. SeeBaeria. 



BURS ARIA (Bursa, a pouch, alluding to the shape 

 of the pods). Pittospor&cece. Two species of shrubs 

 with white fls. in clusters ; sepals, petals and stamens 

 each 5 : fr. a 2-loculed capsule, in shape like that of the 

 Shepherd's Purse. 



spindsa, Cav. An elegant spiny shrub or small tree, 

 with drooping branches and pretty white fls., produced 

 in summer: Ivs. small, oblong-cuneate, alternate and 

 nearly sessile : fls. small, lateral or terminal, mostly 

 terminal. Australia, Tasmania. B.M. 1767. Cult, in 

 SS. California. 



BURSERA (Joachim Burser, a disciple of Caspar 

 Bauhin). Burser&cece. Generally tall trees, with sim- 

 ple or pinnately compound Ivs. : fls. small, in clusters, 

 4-5 parted, with twice as many stamens as petals or 

 sepals, and a 3-parted ovary containing 6 ovules : fr. a 

 3-parted drupe with usually only 1 seed. About 40 spe- 

 cies of trees in tropical America. For B. servi&ta, see 

 Protium. 



Simarubra, Sarg. (B. gummifera, Jacq.). Lvs. odd- 

 pinnate, with 3-5 pairs of Ifts. ; Ifts. ovate, acute, mem- 

 branous, smooth on both sides, entire, the netted veins 

 prominent on the under side : fls. in a very knotty ra- 

 ceme, 4-6 parted : fr. a drupe, with a 3-valved succulent 

 rind and 3-5 nuts. A tall tree with a straight trunk and 

 spreading head, found in Florida, Mexico, and Central 

 America and the West Indies. It yields a sweet, aro- 

 matic balsam, which is used in tropical America as a 

 medicine for internal and external application ; dried, 

 it is known in the trade as Chibou, or Cachibou resin, 

 or Gomart resin. It is a hardy greenhouse plant, and 

 thrives in a compost of loam and peat. Prop, by cut- 

 tings under glass, with bottom heat. 



G. T. HASTINGS. 



BUSH-FRUITS. A term used to designate those 

 small fruits which grow on woody bushes. It includes 

 all small-fruits as that- term is used in America ex- 

 cept strawberries and cranberries. Bush-fruits is an 

 English term, but it has been adopted lately in this 

 country, notably in Card's book on "Bush-Fruits." The 

 common bush-fruits are currants, gooseberries, rasp- 

 berries, blackberries, and dewberries. 



BUTE A (Earl of Bute). Legumlnbsw. Three or four 

 species of trees or woody vines of India and China, with 

 deep scarlet papilionaceous fls. in racemes and pinnate 

 Ivs. In the Old World rarely grown in stoves. In this 

 country, one is cult, in S. Calif. 



fronddsa, Roxbg. A leafy tree, yielding gum or lac : 

 Ifts. 3, roundish, pubescent beneath, the lateral ones 

 unsymmetrical : fls. 2 in. long, orange-crimson, very 

 showy ; stamens 9 together and 1 free. India. Reaches 

 a height of 50 ft. 



BUTOMUS (Greek, bous, ox, and temno, to cut ; the 

 leaves too sharp for the mouths of cattle). Alismdcece. 

 Hardy perennial aquatic of easy culture on margins of 

 ponds. Prop, by division. All the species are referred 

 by DC., in Mon. Phan., vol. 3, to B. umbellatus, or to 

 the Australian Butomopsis, which is also a monotypic 

 genus. 



umbellatus, Linn. FLOWERING RUSH. Rhizome thick : 

 Ivs. 2-3 ft. long, iris-like, sheathing at the base, 3-cor- 

 nered : fls. rose-colored, 25-30 in an umbel, on a long 

 scape ; sepals 3 ; petals 3. Summer. Eu., Asia. 



BUTTERCUP. Species of Ranunculus. 

 BUTTERFLY WEED. Asclepias tuberosa. 

 BUTTERNUT. See Juglans. 

 BUTTON-BUSH is Cephalanthus. 

 BUTTONWOOD. Consult Platanus. 

 BUTTERWORT. See Pinguicula. 



BUXUS (ancient Latin name). JSuphorbidcece. Box 

 TREE. Evergreen shrubs or small trees : Ivs. opposite, 

 short-petioled, entire, almost glabrous, coriaceous and 

 rather small : fls. monoecious, in axillary or terminal 

 clusters, consisting usually of one terminal pistillate 

 flower, with 6 sepals, and several lateral staminate fls. 

 with 4 sepals and 4 stamens : fr. an obovate or nearly 

 globular 3-pointed capsule, separating into 3 valves, 

 each containing 2 shining black seeds. About 20 species 

 in the mountains of Cent, and E. Asia, N. Afr., and S. 

 Eur., also in W. India and C. Amer. Ornamental ever- 

 green shrubs of dense but rather slow growth, with 

 shining, small foliage and inconspicuous fls. and fr. 

 The common Box Tree and B. micropTiylla may be 

 grown in sheltered positions even north, while B. Wal- 

 Hchiana and B. Balearica, two very distinct and hand- 



