C^SALPINIA 



CALADIUM 



207 



BB. Lfts 1-3 in. long, acute or mucronulate : 

 pod prickly. 



Minax, Hance. Diffuse shrub, thorny: pinnce 10, with 

 12-20 ovate-lanceolate glabrous Ifts., 1-1% in. long : ra- 

 cemes panicled, many-fld., with very large bracts : fls. 

 white and pvirple : pods 7-seeded ( seeds large and black ) , 

 spiny. China. 



B6nduc, Roxbg. Climbing shrub, with prickly, pubes- 

 cent Ivs., oblong-ovate mucronate Ifts., 1/^-3 in. long, 

 yellow fls., and a few large yellow seeds in a short, 

 prickly pod. Tropics ; S. Fla. 



C. bijilga, Swtz. (Acacia Bancroftiana, Bert.). Spiny shrub, 

 with ultimate Ifts. in 2 pairs : fls. paniculate. Jamaica. C. 

 Regia, Dietr.=Poinciana Regia. 



L. H. B. and ALFRED REHDER. 



CAHOUN. Consult Attalea Coliune. 



CAJ ANUS (aboriginal name). Leguminbsce. Tropical 

 shrub with pinnate, 3-foliolate Ivs., yellow papiliona- 

 ceous fls., and a small, hairy pod bearing edible seeds. 

 Several species described, probably all derivatives of 

 the following : 



Indicus, Spreng. A shrub with yellow and maroon 

 fls., blooming all through the year, and bearing a con- 

 tinuous crop of highly nutritious peas. Lfts. elliptic- 

 oblong. Plant more or less hairy. Grows from 4-10 ft. 

 high, very diffuse and spreading. Much cult, in the 

 tropics for the seeds or pulse. It varies greatly in 

 stature and in character of seeds : C. flarus, DC., has 

 yellow fls. and 2-3-seeded pods which are not spotted ; 

 C. bicolor, DC., has red-striped fls., and 4-5-seeded pods 

 which are spotted: see B.M. 6440 and R.H. 1874:190. 

 Usually treated as an annual. Probably native to Chi- 

 nese territory. Known under many local names, as 

 Pigeon Pea, Congo Pea, Dhal, Toor, and others. 



L. H. B. 



CALABASH GOURD. See Lagenaria. 



CALADIUM (origin of name obscure). Ardidece. Her- 

 baceous perennials, arising from large rhizomes or 

 tubers, acaulescent, with beautifully marked, long- 

 petioled Ivs. with a deep basal lobe. Differs from Colo- 

 casia in floral characters. A dozen or less species in 

 Trop. Amer. Two of the species are immensely variable, 

 and many named horticultural varieties are in the trade. 

 Engler in DC. Monog. Phan. 2: 452 (1879) ; also F.S. 13. 



In Caladium, propagation is effected by division of 

 the tubers at the beginning of the growing season, 

 which is about the first of March. The soil best suited 

 to them is a mixture of fibrous loam, leaf mold, peat, 

 and well-rotted cow or sheep manure in equal parts, 

 with a sprinkling of sand added. The tubers should be 

 potted at first in as small pots as will conveniently 

 accommodate them, and shifted on into larger pots as 

 they require it. But little water must be given at the 

 roots till active growth commences, when, as the plants 

 develop, they require an abundance. A warm, humid 

 atmosphere, such as is recommended for Alocasias, is 

 necessary for their best development. They must also 

 be shaded from bright sunlight. As the leaves mature 

 in the fall, water should be gradually withheld, though 

 at no time must the tubers be allowed to become quite 

 dry. Caladiums should be kept for the winter in the 

 pots in which they have been grown, and stored away 

 in some convenient place in a temperature not less than 

 50 or more than 60. E< j. CANNING. 



FANCY-LEAVED CALADIUMS. As soon as the plants 

 begin to lose their leaves in the fall, water should 

 gradually be withheld until the leaves are all gone. 

 The pots should then be removed to a position under a 

 bench, and laid on their sides, or taken from the soil 

 and placed in sand. During the resting period they 

 should not be subjected to a lower temperature than 60 

 F., and kept neither too wet nor too dry. About the be- 

 ginning of March the tubers should be started for the 

 earliest batch to be grown in pots. Arrange the tubers 

 in their sizes, and keep each size by itself. The largest 

 sized tubers will start quickest, and it is desirable to be- 

 gin with these for pot plants. Start them in chopped 

 moss in boxes. The tubers may be arranged pretty close 

 together in the box, and merely covered over with the 



moss to the depth of about an inch. The new roots are 

 made from the top part of the tuber, so it is important 

 that this part should be covered to encourage the roots. 

 For starting, a heat varying between 70 and 85 will 

 suffice. As soon as a healthy lot of roots make their 

 appearance, the plants should be potted, using as small 

 sized pots as possible. The soil for this potting should 

 be principally leaf -mold, with a little sand. In a short 

 time they will need another shift ; the soil should on 

 this occasion be a little stronger ; give a position near 

 the glass, and shade from strong sunshine. New forms 

 are raised from seed, this operation being an exceed- 

 ingly easy one with the Caladium, as they cross-fertilize 

 very readily. The flowers, unlike those of the Anthu- 

 rium, are monoecious, the females ripening first. To 

 pollinate them, part of the spathe must be cut away. 

 Seedlings at first have the foliage green, and it is not 

 until the fifth or sixth leaf has been developed that 

 they show their gaudy colorings. Propagation of the 

 kinds is effected by dividing the old tubers, the cut sur- 

 faces of which should be well dusted with powdered 

 charcoal to prevent decay. As bedding plants, the fancy- 

 leaved Caladiums are gradually getting more popular. 

 To have them at their best for this purpose, the ground 

 should be worked for some time previous to planting 

 out, with a goodly quantity of bone meal incorporated 

 with the soil. The tubers are best put out in a dormant 

 state, as then they make very rapid progress, and eventu- 

 ally make finer plants than when they are first started 

 in the greenhouse, as by this system they are too apt to 

 sustain a check in the hardening-off process, and lose 

 their leaves. The fine, highly colored kinds are not so 

 well suited for outdoor work as those having green pre- 

 dominating in the foliage, but some of the kinds, such 

 as Dr. Lindley and Rosini, do remarkably well. Fre- 

 quent watering with manure water is absolutely neces- 

 sary to the development of the foliage, both outdoors 

 and in - G. W. OLIVER. 



The following species and varieties, most of which 

 are in the American trade, are here described, the syno- 

 nyms being in italic : albinervium,55; albomaculatum, 

 16; albostriatulum, 51 ; Alfred Bleu, 16; amoenum, 17; 

 Appunianum,56; argyrites, 57; argyroneuron, 5; argy- 

 rospilum, 36; Baraquinii, 12 ; Belleymei, 49; bicolor, 8, 

 11; Brongniartii, 32; Chantini, 17; Conn&rtii, 17; cor- 

 datum, 3; cupreum, 53; Curwadlii, 37; Devosianum,28; 

 Devosianum, 28 ; discolor, 29; Duchartrei, 35 ; Eckhartii, 

 23; elegans, 54; Enkeanum, 45; erythraeum, 3; esculen- 

 fom=Colocasia Antiquorum esculenta ; firmulum, 9; 

 Gcerdtii, 15 ; griseo-argenteum, 39 ; Haageanum, 17 ; 

 haematostigmatum, 29; hcemostigmatum, 29; hastatum, 

 50 ; Hendersoni, 24 ; Houbyanum, 26 ; Houlletii, 18 ; Hum- 

 boldtii, 57; Ketteleri, 13; Kochii,38; Kramerianum, 20 ; 

 Laucheanum, 43; Lemaireanum, 55 ; Leopoldii, 15 ; Lin- 

 deni, 46 ; macrophyllum, 39 ; marginatum, 19 ; marmora- 

 tum, 7; marmoreum, 2; Martersteigianum , 17; mirabile, 

 33 ; Mooreanum, 18 ; myriostigma, 58 ; Neumanii, 40 ; 

 Ottonis, 28; Osyanum, 52; pallidinervium, 30; pelluci- 

 dum, 27, 29; Perrierii, 22; pictum, 4, 34; picturatum, 48; 

 poecile, 30 ; porphyroneuron, 53 ; punctatissimtim, 17; 

 'Purdieanum,9; piisillum,9; regale, 31; ReicTienbachi- 

 anum, 41; Hogierii, 15; roseum, 14; rubellum, 41; rubi- 

 cundum, 11; nibronertmtm, 42; rubrovenium, 42 ; sagit- 

 tw folium, 31', Schmitzii,3; Schcelleri,5; Schomburgkii, 

 1; Sieboldii, 25; splendens, 14; Spruceamim, 9; Stan- 

 geanum, 21; subrotundum, 6 ; Surinamense, 31; thripe- 

 destum, 7; .transparens, 10; Troubetskoyi, 56 ; Vellozi- 

 anum, 9; Verschaffeltii, 47 ; viridissimum,55; Wagneri, 

 31; Wallisi,2S; Wightii, 44. 



It will be seen that most of the cultivated Caladiums 

 are considered to be forms of C. bicolor and C. pictura- 

 tum. Only 5 species are concerned in the following list: 

 Schomburgkii, I ; marmoratum, 7; bicolor, 8; pictura- 

 tum, 48 ; Humboldtii, 57. C. odoratum, Lodd.= Alocasia 

 macrorrhiza. 



A. Itlade not at all peltate, obliquely elliptical-ovate. 



1. Sch6mburgkii, Schott. Petiole slender, 4 times 

 longer than the blade, sheathed % its length ; blade 

 obliquely elliptical-ovate ; midrib and 4-5 acxitely ascend- 

 ing primary nerves silvery, pale, or red ; sparsely spot- 

 ted above, paler beneath. French Guiana to Para. Runs 

 into the following forms : 



