228 



CAMPANULA 



CAMPANULA 



tube hidden by the bladdery appendages, small, broader 

 than long : fls. solitary, on stout peduncles, 2-2% in. 

 broad ; corolla very broad and open, pale purple with- 

 out, dull purple within marked with violet and hairy to- 

 ward the bottom ; lobes very broad, short and acute. 

 Mt. Taurus in Anatolia. Gn. 15:178 and 12, p. 209. 

 B.M. 6394. Easily told from all other species by the 

 very long exserted style, which is brown and spindle- 

 shaped before spreading open. Self-sown seeds some- 

 times wait a year before sprouting. 



DD. Style not excessively long. 



2. Medium, Linn. CANTERBURY BELLS. Fig. 332. 

 Biennial, 1-4 ft. high : plant pilose : st. erect ; Ivs. ses- 

 sile, ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate, crenate -dentate; peti- 

 oles not marginal : raceme lax, many-fld. : calyx lobes 

 ovate-acuminate, the appendages half as long as the 

 ample, ovate, obtuse lobes : corolla very large, bell- 

 shaped, inflated. S. Eu. Much less cult, than var. caly- 

 canthema, Hort. CUP Am> SAUCER. HOSE IN HOSE. Has 

 the calyx colored like the corolla. A fair per cent come 

 true from seed. G.C. III. 24: 65. R.H. 1897, p. 238. R.H. 

 1896:301. Gng. 5: 88. Gn. 48, p. 295. F.S. 19, p. 152.- 

 Canterbury Bells are probably the oldest and most popu- 

 lar of all Campanulas. They are most commonly treated 

 as hardy biennials, the seed being sown in the open 

 border, but they do not flower the first year. They can 

 also be treated as tender annuals, the seed being sown 

 indoors in early spring and the plants set out May 1- 

 15. They will then flower well the first season, but 

 always better the second year. Double forms are very 

 popular and interesting, 1-4 perfect bells being formed 

 one within another. The name Medium has no reference 

 to size of plant or flower, but was the name of an old 

 genus, now a subgenus of Campanula. 



cc. Capsule 8 -celled : stigmas 3. 



DD. Corolla with a curious projection at the base of 



each sinus. 



3. alliariaefdlia, Willd. (C. lamiifblia, Bieb. C. mac- 

 rophylla, Sims). Fig. 333. Height l%-2 ft.: stem 

 erect, striate, woolly, branched only at the top: root-lvs. 

 large, heart-shaped, crenate, tomentose : stem-lvs. on 

 petioles which gradually shorten upwards, the highest 



being sessile: fls. white, nod- 

 ding, on short stalks, borne 

 singly in the axils of the floral 

 Ivs. as in C. Sar- 

 matica, but the 

 floral- Ivs. larger 

 and broader : 

 calyx a third or 

 a fourth shorter 

 than the corolla, with mar- 

 gins rolled back, and appen- 



^ / ''''} flfiVf ^ W dages less minute than in C. 



ft :*/,?"' A Sarmatica : corolla always 



9 * '""' M white, 2 in. long, ciliated at 



the margin, and with charac- 

 teristic tooth-like processes 

 at the base of each sinus, 

 which are especially interest- 

 ing in the bud. Caucasus, 

 Asia Minor. B.M. 912. -Int. 

 into England about 1805 by 

 Loddiges. No blue-fld. form 

 seems to be known. Prop, by 

 seeds. 



4. Sarmatica, Ker - Gawl. 

 Height 1-2 ft.: stem simple, 

 striate, pubescent : Ivs. re- 

 markable for their gray color, 

 harsh, leathery, wrinkled, to- 

 mentose, oblong-cordate, cre- 

 nate, the lower long-petioled, 

 the upper sessile : calyx with minute reflexed appen- 

 dages, and a short, densely hairy tuft : fls. about 6 on 

 a stem, nodding ; corolla about 1 in. long, and 1% in. 

 across, marked with 5 hairy lines. Caucasus, subal- 

 pine portions. B.M. 2019. L.B.C. 6: 581. 



5. Grdssekii, Heuff. Has the habit and inflorescence 

 of C. Trachelium, but the calyx is appendaged, Height 



333. Campanula 



alliariaefolia. 



2% ft., branching from the base, angled, pilose: Ivs. 

 hispid, the lower cordate unequally petioled, doubly 

 crenate-serrate, the uppermost ovate-acute, narrowed 

 into a petiole : calyx setose-ciliate, lobes lanceolate, 

 spreading, reflexed at the apex, appendages lanceolate, 

 a third shorter than the lobes ; corolla hispid, 2 or 3 

 times longer than the calyx lobes : fls. large, bell- 

 shaped, violet, in a long raceme. Hungary. Gt. 35, p. 

 477, f. 55. A rare plant. 



6. mirabilis, Correvon. Height 1 ft. or more. "The 

 leaves forming the rosette are somewhat thick and 

 fleshy, the lower ones spreading out to a diameter of 

 about 9 or 12 inches, the succeeding leaves smaller and 

 arranged in an overlapping manner." Upper Ivs. ovate- 

 serrate : fls. pale blue, hairy, 2 in. across, bell-shaped, 

 sometimes strongly angled : raceme lax or dense. Cau- 

 casus. G.C. III. 24:33. Gt. 47 :192. Gn. 54, p. 454.- 

 Int. in Europe in 1896 by Leicthlin. Very rare and in- 

 teresting. Probably a biennial rock plant. Slow from 

 seed. 



BB. Calyx without an appendage at the base of 



each sinus, 

 c. fls. rotate or wheel shaped. 



7. Americana, Linn. Annual and biennial : height 3-6 

 ft. : st. erect, simple : Ivs. thin, serrate, somewhat pi- 

 lose, root-lvs. ovate-acute, subcordate, petiolate ; stem- 

 lvs. ovate -lanceolate, acuminate at both ends : calyx 

 tube long, obconical, the teeth linear-acuminate, almost 

 entire, spreading shorter than the 5-fid, wheel-shaped 

 corolla : fls. light blue, 1 in. broad, in long spikes, soli- 

 tary or in 3's ; corolla shallow, lobes pilose outside 

 and at the apex ; style long, strongly declined and up- 

 wardly curved : capsule cylindrical, grooved. Shaded 

 low ground western N. Y. to Iowa, south to Ga. and 

 Ark. Rarely cult. It is possible that Phyteuma canes - 

 cens is still cult, as C. Americana. 



cc. Fls. saucer-shaped or broadly bell-shaped, i. e., 

 the tube shallower and the limbs more widely 

 spreading than the bell-shaped. 



D. Stem-lvs. linear -lanceolate, crenulate. 



8. persicifdlia, Linn. Fig. 334. Height 2-3 ft. : stem 

 erect : Ivs. glabrous, rigid, crenulate ; root-lvs. lanceo- 

 late-obovate ; stem-lvs. linear-lanceolate or spatulate, 

 often 3 in. long : calyx lobes acuminate, wide at the 

 base, entire, half as long as the broadly bell-shaped 

 corolla : fls. blue or white, pedicelled, solitary, terminal 

 and axillary, often \% in. long, 2 in. broad : capsule 

 ovoid, 3-grooved. Eu. B.M. 397. Var. macrantha is a 

 large-fld. form with fls. all along the stem. Gt. 44, p. 148. 

 Gn. 48, p. 306. A. F. 6:383. S.H. 1:131. Var alba grand - 

 iilora and var. Backhouse! are among the popular white- 

 fld. forms. There are double and semi-double forms in 

 blue and white. The double white is useful for cutting. 

 The var. alba grandiflora is F. W. Meyer's favorite 

 of all Campanulas. This species occasionally runs wild, 

 especially in England. The Ivs. are very characteristic, 

 and, once seen, are never forgotten. Var. coronata, 

 Hort., is a semi-double white form. F.S. 7:699. The 

 pictures in B.M. and F.S. show distinctly saucer-shaped 

 flowers. 



DD. Stem-lvs. wider and coarsely toothed. 



9. latiloba, DC. (C. grdndis, Fisch. & Mey. Height 

 1-1% ft. : glabrous : stem erect, simple, terete : stem- 

 lvs. 3-5 in. long, 4-6 lines wide, lanceolate, narrowed at 

 both ends, crenate-serrate : calyx lobes ovate-acute, 

 broad, entire, erect, one-half shorter than the broadly 

 bell-shaped corolla : fls. blue, with a white form, often 

 2 in. wide, sessile, solitary or somewhat clustered, 

 sometimes equaling the ovate-acute, dentate bracts. 

 Mt. Olympus. P.M. 10:31. Fls. like C. persicifolia. 

 Quickly forms a dense carpet. Int. into Eng. about 1842 

 from St. Petersburgh. 



ccc. Fls. bell-shaped or tubular, not saucer-shaped. 

 D. Inflorescence a dense roundish head. 



10. glomerata, Linn. One of the most variable : 

 DeCandolle makes 8 botanical varieties. Height 1-2 ft. : 

 typically pubescent : stem erect, simple, terete : Ivs. 

 serrulate, lower ones rough, with very short, stiff 



