CANADA 



desirable adjunct. This valley is producing apples, 

 pears and plums of good quality. 



Miirki-tx. "The exportation of fresh fruit to the North- 

 west Territory and Manitoba, which is the natural mar- 

 ket of the prov- 

 ince, is assuming 

 large proportions, 

 more especially in 

 plums, for which 

 British Columbia 

 is specially noted. 

 The markets of 

 the Orient and 

 Australia will in 

 the near future 

 also be outlets for 

 the surplus fruits 

 of the country. 

 Canneries and 

 fruit - preserving 

 establishments of 

 various kinds also afford means of disposing of some 

 of the surplus fruits which are not in a condition to 

 le exported. The high price of labor, and the compe- 

 tition which has to be met, in the matter of the cheap 

 jams and other products, adulterated with foreign sub- 

 stances and glucose, which come from the east and 

 California, are, however, very serious factors which mil- 

 itate against the success of such establishments." 



Pests. Most of the pests which have caused such 

 serious loss to the orchardists of other countries have 

 made their appearance in the province, but, thanks to 

 the efforts made for their suppression, the codlin moth 

 and curculio are notable exceptions. 



Climate. The climate of the coast is most equable. 

 The temperature seldom falls to zero nor rises above 

 75 or 80 J . In the interior the variations are naturally 

 greater, but even there, in the coldest part of the win- 

 ter, the temperature does not long remain at or below 

 zero. On the coast, the precipitation is almost entirely 

 in the form of rain, which is sufficient for the most 



CANNA 



237 



J45. Seeds of Canavalia ensiformis. 

 Full size. 



with drooping, inflated buds and solitary, bell-shaped 

 tls. more than 1 in. long and \% in. wide, dull yellow, 

 Unshed and veined with dull purplish brown. Lvs. has- 

 tate. B.M. 444. -Not in the Amer. trade. 



CANARY- BIRD FLOWER is a Tropceolum. 

 CANARY GRASS is a Phalaris. 



CANAVALIA (an aboriginal name). Legumindsa '.. 

 Trailing or twining herbs : fls. in axillary racemes, 

 with bell-shaped, 2-lipped calyx, papilionaceous corolla, 

 9 stamens united and 1 free for most of its length : 

 pods large and ribbed on edges. Several species, 

 widely distributed in warm countries. 



ensif6rmis, DC. (C. gladidta, DC.). JACK BEAN. 

 CHICKASAW LIMA. Figs. 197, 345. Grown in the south- 

 ern states for stock, but the pods make passable snap 

 beans when not more than 4 or 6 in. long. In warm 

 countries it is a bushy plant, with 

 little tendency to climb. The pods 

 reach a length of 10-14 in., the walls 

 being very hard and dense when ripe. 

 The halves of the pod, when split 

 apart, roll up spirally, often into an al- 

 most perfect cylinder. The large white, 



346. The parts 



of the 



Canna flower. 

 (SeeCanna, p.238.) 



part for agricultural 

 poses, the objection be- 

 ing that little or none 

 falls during the summer 

 months. In the interior, 

 where the precipitation 

 is mostly in the shape 

 of snow, it is so light 

 that irrigation has to be 

 resorted to. JOHN CRAIG. 



CANAIGRE. See Bumex hymenosepalus. 



CANARINA (from the Canary Islands). Campanu- 

 Idcece. Three species of tropical herbs closely allied to 

 Campamila, but with the tubes of the calyx and corolla 

 grown together, and the floral parts in 6's. C. cam- 

 pa nn la ta, Linn., is a tender plant from the Canaries, 



347. Old-time Canna. 348. Modern flowering Canna. 



turgid beans, bearing a very prominent brown seed- 

 scar, are packed crosswise the pod, imbedded in a very 

 thin white, papery lining. The flowers are small and 

 light purple, resembling those of the Cow-pea (though 

 larger) and of various species of Dolichos. The leaflets 

 are 3, large and broad (5-8 in. long and half or three-fifths 

 as broad), strongly veined and dull, dark green, abruptly 

 pointed and smooth. Tropics. A.G. 14 : 84. B.M. 4027. 

 Beans said to be used as a coffee substitute. LU jj, g. 



CANDLEBERRY, CANDLENUT. See Aleurites. 

 CANDYTUFT. See Iberis. 



CANE-BRAKE. 



under Bamboo). 



Species of Arundinaria (treated 



CANLSTRUM. See ^Echmea. 



CANNA (name of oriental origin, of no application). 

 Scitamin&cece. Stout, unbranched, large-leaved tropi- 

 cal and warm-temperate herbs of both hemispheres, with 

 large and ornamental foliage. Fls. mostly red or yellow, 



