246 



CARICA 



CARLUDOVICA 



found to be good decorative plants for both conserva- 

 tory and summer bedding, the deeply cut, palmate leaves 

 forming a striking contrast to ordinary vegetation. In 

 bedding out, select open, sunny exposure, with perfect 

 drainage, and make the soil rich and friable. Constant 

 cultivation with a light hoe will cause a luxuriant growth 

 under these conditions, and 

 the planter will be amply re- 

 paid for his trouble by beau- 

 tiful, showy specimens as 

 unique and tropical-appearing 

 as palms. 



Cult, by E. N. REASONER. 



Papaya, Linn. PAPAW. 

 MELON PAPAW. MELON ZA- 

 POTE. Figs. 363, 364. Trunk 

 reaching 20 ft. : Ivs. often 2 

 ft. across, palmately 7-lobed: 

 fr. 6-12 in. long and half as 

 thick, hanging from the lower 

 axils of the pistillate plant. 

 Trop. Amer., but widely natu- 

 ralized. Grows spontaneously 

 in the wild in S. Fla. B.M. 

 2898-9. A. G. 18: 137.- The 



plant seems sometimes to be polygamous (to bear 

 both kinds of flowers). The fruit is used as a 

 vermifuge and a cosmetic. The juice of the fruit 

 or the macerated leaves, if rubbed on animal flesh, 

 make it very tender. It is best to roll the meat 

 and leaves together for a few hours. The fruits are 

 made into sauces or conserves, and are sometimes 

 eaten raw. The Papaw is variable. C. pyrifdrmis, 

 Hort., has pear-shaped fr. G. atroviolacea, Hort., 

 with purple fr., is evidently only a form of it. 



gracilis, Hort. Larger than C. Papaya, with 

 finely cut palmate Ivs. with pink veins. A form of C. 

 Papaya ? 



Candamarcensis, Hook. f. (C. Cundinamarctnsis , 

 Lindl.). Lvs. numerous, dark green above and pale 

 beneath, pubescent below, circular-cordate in out- 

 line (lYz ft. across), 5-lobed to the middle, the lobes 

 more or less pinnatifld : fls. green and pubescent: fr. 

 small, obovoid and pointed, contracted at the base, 

 5-angled, golden yellow, 5-loculed. Equador. B.M. 

 6198. "Probably the most hardy of all Papaws ; 

 makes rapidly a bold foliage plant, the sweet-scented 

 yellowish flowers being produced here all the year." 

 Franceschi, S. Calif. 



quercifdlia, Benth. & Hook. ( Vasconc6lla querci- 

 fdlia, St. Hil.). Lvs. shaped like those of the Eng- 

 lish oak, palmately 3-nerved, ovate or ovate-lance- 

 olate and sometimes obscurely cordate, the margin 

 undulate or inequally few-lobed, the lobes 

 obtuse or the lower ones acute. S. Braz. 

 and S. "A quick-growing, hardy kind, 

 with small fruits, but its large halberd- 

 shaped leaves contain a higher percentage 

 of papaine, now much used in medicine 

 in preference to pepsin." Franceschi. 

 L. H. B. 



CARfSSA (aboriginal name). Apocynd- 

 cece. About 20 very branchy spinose shrubs 

 of the tropics of Africa, Asia and Australia, cult, for 

 ornament or for the edible berry-like fr. Fls. white, 

 solitary or in cymes ; lobes of calyx and corolla 5, the 5 

 stamens free and included in the throat, the ovary 2- 

 loculed : Ivs. opposite and thick, simple. In the Old 

 World sometimes cult, in warmhouses, but in this 

 country known only in the extreme S. Prop, by seeds 

 and cuttings of ripe wood. 



Carandas, Linn. CARAUNDA. CHRIST'S-THORN. Ever- 

 green shrub or small tree, with dark green ovate or 

 elliptic mucronate entire Ivs., strong axillary spines 

 (which are often forked) and fragrant white fls. in clus- 

 ters of 2-3, the corolla twisted to the left in the bud : 

 fr. the size of a cherry (1 in. in diam.), reddish, pleas- 

 ant-tasted. India. L. B.C. 7: 663. Reaches 20 ft. Half 

 hardy in central Fla. The fruits are eaten from the 

 hand when ripe, and pickled when green. Might serve 

 for hedges. 



Arduina, Lain. AMATUNGULA. MARITZGULA. Spines 

 strong, often 2 in. long : Ivs. ovate and subcordate, 

 mucronate, glabrous and entire : fls. white, the corolla 

 twisted to the right in the bud. S. Afr. A choice ever- 

 green shrub, rather hardy, with thick camellia-like Ivs., 

 very glossy: fls. large, fragrant, white, and borne pro- 

 fusely: fr. dark red, 1-1% 

 in. long, resembling in fla- 

 vor red raspberries, and 

 having a papery skin and 

 few small seeds. A fine 

 pot shrub. Well worth ex- 

 tensive planting in S. Fla. 

 and Calif. The fruit is said 

 to be unsurpassed for jam 

 making. 



acuminata, DC. Spines 

 weak: Ivs. smaller, ovate- 

 acute, subcordate, mucro- 

 nate : peduncles short, 

 forked, axillary : fls. with 

 lance-acuminate calyx 

 lobes, the corolla twisted 

 to the right in the bud. S. 

 Africa. 



grandifldra, DC. NATAL PLUM. Spiny shrub : 

 Ivs. ovate-acute, tapering to the base : fls. large, 

 white, fragrant, solitary and terminal, twisted to 

 the right: fr. red, size of a cherry, good. S. Afr. 

 B.M. 6307. E. N. REASONER and L. H. B. 



CARLINA (said to have cured the army of Charle- 

 magne [Carolinus] of the plague). Compdsitce. Some 

 15 or 20 species in the Mediterranean region. Low, 

 rather coarse annuals, biennials or perennials, with 

 thistle-like foliage, large white or purplish heads, a 

 feathery pappus, and chaffy receptacle. 



acaulis, Linn. A small and very dwarf hardy plant: 

 height 3-6 in. : Ivs. glossy, pinnatifid, divided, with 

 spiny ends: fl. arising barely above the foliage, soli- 

 tary, very interesting, the scales surrounding the 

 flower-head being long and narrow and ray- or petal- 

 like, silky, shiny: head 6 in. across when expanded. 

 June, July and late fall. G.C. II. 13:720, 721. -Cult. : 

 an open, sunny place and ordinary garden soil are all 

 they require. They are capital for the sunny part of 

 a rockery. Prop, by cuttings or seeds. 



J. B. KELLER. 



CARLUDOVICA (Charles IV., and his Queen 

 Louisa, of Spain). Cyclanthdcece. Palm-like plants 

 of Trop. Araer., allied on the one hand to screw 

 pines and on the other to aroids. The plants are 

 monoecious, the two sexes being on the same spadix, 

 which is enclosed in a 4 1 leaved spathe. 

 Staminate fls. with many stamens and many- 

 lobed calyx, 4 of them surrounding a pis- 



363. Carica Papaya. 



364. Carica Papaya (X 1-6). 



tillate fl. the latter have a 4-sided ovary, 4 barren sta- 

 mens, and 4-lobed calyx^fr. a 4-sided, many-seeded berry. 

 The Carludovicas are usually regarded and treated as 

 palms by gardeners. They are useful for decoration. 

 The family CyclanthaceaB is exclusively American, of 



