276 



CEPHALANTHUS 



CERASTIUM 



cult. Hardy ornamental shrub, with handsome glossy 

 foliage and very attractive with its flower balls appear- 

 ing late in summer. It thrives in any good garden soil, 

 best in a sandy, somewhat moist one. Prop, by seeds or 

 by cuttings of ripened wood in fall, and also by green- 

 wood cuttings taken from forced plants early in spring. 

 occidentalis, Linn. Shrub, 3-12 ft. : Ivs. long-petioled, 

 ovate or oval, acuminate, glossy above, glabrous or 

 slightly pubescent below, 3-6 in. long: heads about 1 in. 

 in diam., long-peduncled, 3 or more at the end of the 

 branches. July-Sept. From New Brunswick south, 

 west to Ontario and Calif . Em. 394. R.H. 1889, p. 280.- 

 Var. angustifdlia, Andre". Lvs. oblong, lanceolate, usu- 

 ally in 3's. R.H. 1889, p. 281. ALFRED REHDEB. 



CEPHALARIA ( Greek for head, alluding to the capi- 

 tate flower-clusters). Dipsacece. Coarse annual or per- 

 ennial herbs of Europe, Africa and Asia, much like 

 Dipsacus, but the heads less spiny. The heads are ter- 

 minal and globular, bearing many 4-parted yellowish, 

 whitish or bluish florets. 



Tatarica, Schrad. Perennial, 6 ft., rank, with striate 

 stems, suited to the rear border, where strong effects are 

 desired, with showy cream-white flat heads in July and 

 Aug.: Ivs. pinnate, the Ifts. broad -lanceolate and ser- 

 rate. Grows readily, and is increased by seed or divid- 

 ing the clumps. jj. jj. B. 



CEPHALOTAXUS (Greek, head; Taxus-lilne plant, 

 with fls. in heads or clusters). Coniferce, tribe Taxacece. 

 Trees or shrubs, with evergreen, linear, pointed Ivs. 

 with 2 broad, glaucous lines beneath, arranged in 2 

 rows: fls. dioecious, staminate in 1-8-fld., short-stalked 

 clusters, pistillate consisting of a small cone with sev- 

 eral bracts, each bearing 2 naked ovules. Seed enclosed 

 in a fleshy envelope, drupe-like, about 1 in. long, reddish 

 or greenish brown. From allied genera it may be easily 

 distinguished by the resin-canal in the center of the 

 pith, and by the glaucous lines beneath from Taxus, 

 which has the Ivs. yellowish green beneath, and from 

 Torreya by the glaucous lines being broader than the 3 

 green lines, while in Torreya the glaucous lines are 

 narrower than the green ones. Six closely allied spe- 

 cies from Himal. to Jap. Ornamental evergreen shrubs, 

 in appearance very like a yew, but of more graceful 

 habit. Not hardy north, or only in very sheltered posi- 

 tions. They thrive best in a somewhat moist but well- 

 drained, sandy loam, and in partly shaded situations. 

 Prop, by seeds, stratified and sown in spring; imported 

 seeds usually do not germinate until the second year ; 

 increased also by cuttings in August, under glass, and 

 by veneer-grafting in summer, on one of the species or 



409. Cepnaiotus tollicularis 



on Taxus baccata. For cions and cuttings, terminal 

 shoots should be selected, which form regular plants 

 with whorled branches like seedlings, while cuttings 

 from lateral branches grow into irregular, low, spread- 

 ing shrubs. 



A. Lvs. 2-3 in. long : branchlets yellowish green, 

 pendulous. 



Fbrtunei, Hook. Lvs. tapering gradually into a sharp 

 point, usually falcate, dark green and shining above : 

 fr. greenish brown, obovate. N. China, Jap. B.M. 4499. 

 F.S. 6: 555. R.H. 1878, p. 117. This is the most grace- 

 ful species, with long and slender branches, attaining in 

 its native country 50 ft. in height, in culture usually re- 

 maining a shrub. 



AA. Lvs. 1-2 in. long. 



peduneulata, Sieb. & Zucc. With spreading, often 

 somewhat pendulous branches, dark green when young: 

 Ivs. to 2 in. long, narrowed into a sharp point, shining 

 and dark green above: fr. ovoid, rounded at both ends, 

 rarely globular. Jap., China. G.C. III. 18: 716. -In 

 Japan, tree to 25 ft. high, usually shrub in culture. A 

 remarkable form is var. fastigiata, Carr. (Podocdrpus 

 Koraiana, Sieb. & Zucc.), of columnar habit, with up- 

 right branches and spirally arranged Ivs. G.C. II. 

 21:112. S.H. 2:450. Gng. 2:341. 



drupacea, Sieb. & Zucc. Branches spreading, stiff, 

 usually light green when young : Ivs. about 1 in. long, 

 abruptly pointed, narrow and straight, often upturned: 

 fr. usually obovate, narrowed at the base. Jap. G.C. 

 III. 18:717. This is the dwarfest species, usually form- 

 ing a low bush with stiff, spreading branches. 



ALFRED REHDER. 



CEPHALOTUS (Greek, in a head, referring to the 

 crowded stamens). Saxifragacece. One species in 

 Australia. Lvs. all radical, of two kinds, the ordinary 

 foliage Ivs. being spatulate or elliptic, hairy, and entire, 

 the others being pitchers with purple tints and a netted 

 and veined lid. The fls. are borne in an interrupted 

 spike, on an erect scape; they are apetalous, and have 

 a white, 6-parted calyx, 12 stamens in two sets, and 6 

 1-seeded carpels. The species is C. follicularis, Labill. 

 (Fig. 409). It is cult, in coolhouses for its odd insec- 

 tivorous pitchers, which are 1-3 in. long and beautifully 

 lined and shaded with purple and green. The plant is 

 grown in peat and moss, after the manner of Drosera 

 and Dioneea. Delights in plenty of moisture, mounted 

 on sphagnum moss. Give a cool and shady position. 

 Prop, by seeds (allow only one seed vessel to mature) 

 and also by division. A most interesting plant. R.B. 

 23:233. I. H. 27:391. J.H. III. 35:260. 



L. H. B. and H. A. SIEBRECHT. 



CERASTIUM (Greek for horn, alluding to the shape 

 of the pod). Caryophyllacece. Decumbent annuals or 

 perennials, with weak, slender stems, small, opposite 

 Ivs. and small white fls. : differs from Arenaria in the 

 shape and dehiscence of the capsule: sepals 5 or 4; 

 petals as many, often 2-cleft; stamens 10 or less. Valu- 

 able in rockeries or for bedding and borders. Species 

 about 100, of world-wide distribution. 



A. Lvs. green, merely pubescent. 



arvense, Linn. (var. oblong iiblium, Holl. & Britt.). 

 STARRY GRASSWORT. Fig. 410. Perennial, low, much 

 branched and matted; stems 8-12 in. long; Ivs. oblong or 

 lanceolate, pale green, pubescent, obtuse, %-l% in. long, 

 V in. wide: fls. very numerous, appearing in April and 

 May; petals 5, deeply bifid ; capsules twice as long' as 

 the calyx. On magnesian rocks, N. Y. to Va. and west- 

 ward. Bui. 74, Ind. Agr. Exp. Sta., from which Fig. 410 

 is adapted. Recommended as a bedding plant, for its 

 mat-like habit, covered with white bloom. 



AA. Lvs. silvery or grayish. 

 B. Capsule equaling the calyx. 



grandifldrum, Waldst. & Kit. Creeping perennial : 

 Ivs. linear, acute, the margins reflexed ; inflorescence 

 dichotomous : fl. -stems 6-8 in. high : petals oval, 2- 

 parted, transparent white, twice as long as calyx. E. 

 Europe. 



BB. Capsule much longer than the calyx. 

 Biebersteinii, DC. Stems 6 in., creeping, diffuse, 

 branched : Ivs. ovate-lanceolate, tomentose-woolly ; pe- 

 duncles erect, dichotomous ; capsule ovate-cylindrical. 

 Tauria. B.M. 2782. Like C. tomentosum, but with 

 larger Ivs. Fine for edgings. 



