288 



CHAM/EDOREA 



CHARD 



CHABLffiDOREA (Greek, dwarf and gift). Palmacece, 

 tribe Arecece. Spineless, erect, procumbent or rarely 

 climbing palms, the trunks solitary or cespitose, slen- 

 der or reed-like. Lvs. simple, bifid at the apex or va- 

 riously equally-pinnatisect : lobes broad or narrow, 

 straight or oblique, acuminate, plicate-nerved, usually 

 callous at the base, the basal margins folded back or 

 recurved : petiole usually cylindrical ; sheath tubular, 

 oblique at the throat; spadices among or below the Ivs., 

 simple or paniculately branched ; spathes 3 or many, 

 alternate, sheathing, elongated, split at the apex, mem- 

 branous or coriaceous, usually persistent : pistillate fls. 

 very small : fr. small, of 1-3 globose or oblong-obtuse 

 carpels, coriaceous or fleshy. Species about 60. Mex. 

 to Panama. 



Peat or leaf -mold, loam and sand in equal parts, with 

 a little charcoal added, form the best soil. The species 

 common in cultivation are quick-growing. They are 

 well suited for planting out in greenhouse borders. 

 The sexes are on different plants, therefore several 

 should be planted in a group if the handsomely colored 

 fruit is desired. All of the kinds require warm tempera- 

 ture in winter. Increased from seeds. Of the many 

 species, only the following appear in the Amer. trade: 



A. Lvs. simple. 



Slogans, Mart. Stem strict, 6 ft., closely ringed: Ivs. 

 narrowly lanceolate, acuminate, straight : fr. globose. 

 Mex. G.C. 1.33:508. 



Ernesti- August!, Wendl. Stem 3-4 ft., reedy, erect, 

 radicant at base ; blade obovate, cuneate 'at the base, 

 deeply bifid, coarsely serrate along the margins ; petiole 

 shorter than blade ; sheath amplexicaul ; sterile spadix 

 8-9 in., the simple branches 6-8 in., attenuate, slender : 

 fertile spadix simple : fls. red. Venezuela. B.M. 4837. 

 G.C. I. 33:508. 



AA. Lvs. pinnate. 

 B. Plant becoming of climbing habit. 



desmoncoides, H. Wendl. Lvs. 2-3 ft. long, with 

 drooping, narrow Ifts. a foot long, and glaucous 

 petiole : plant tending to climb after it becomes a few 

 feet high. Mex. 



BB. Plant not climbing. 

 c. Stem or trunk evident. 



Sartorii, Liebm. Stem 8-14 ft., ringed, clothed above 

 with leaf -sheaths : Ivs. 3-3 % ft. long ; petiole terete, 

 sulcate, dilated at the base ; sheath, petiole and rachis 

 white on the back; Ifts. 12 in. long, 1K-2 in. wide, alter- 

 nate, falcate, acuminate, narrowed at the base. Mex. 



Tepejildte, Liebm. Stem 4-6 ft. high, closely ringed: 

 Ivs. 4ft.; Ifts. 1-nerved, close, alternate, falcate, acute, 

 narrowly lanceolate, 13-15 in. long, \% in. wide: rachis 

 convex on the back, canaliculate above. Mex. B.M. 

 6030. 



glaucifdlia, H. Wendl. Stem 20 ft. : Ivs. long, pinnate ; 

 Ifts. narrowed, long and slender, dark green, glaucous. 

 Guatemala. G.F. 8:507. 



Arenbergiana, H. Wendl. (G. latifblia, Hort.). Stem 

 slender, 5-6 ft., green : Ivs. erect-spreading; Ifts. 10-15 

 pairs, alternate and drooping, very long-pointed, plicate 

 and many ribbed. Guatemala. B.M. 6838. 



cc. Stem or trunk none. 



Pringlei, Wats. Acaulescent or nearly so ; Ivs. erect, 

 pinnate, 3 ft.; Ifts. 12-15 on each side, linear-lanceo- 

 late, acuminate, 6-8 in. long, %-% in. wide ; rachis tri- 

 angular ; spadix simple, 8 in. long. San Louis Potosi, 

 Mex JARED G. SMITH and G. W. OLIVER. 



CHAM2EPEUCE. Now referred to Cnicus. 



CHAM!RANTHEMUM (dwarf and flower, from the 

 Greek). Acanthdcece. Three or 4 Brazilian small herbs, 

 allied to Eranthemum, but readily distinguished by the 

 4 (instead of 2) stamens. Lvs. large and membranaceous, 

 entire, variously marked. Fls. showy, white or yellow, 

 in bracteate clusters. Grown chiefly for the beautiful 

 foliage. C. igneum, Regel (Eranthemum igneum, Lind. ) , 

 is in the Amer trade. It is a low, spreading, warmhouse 

 plant (culture of Eranthemum and Justicia), with dark 



green Ivs. and veins, richly banded with orange or yel- 

 low. Fls. small. F.S. 17:1722. 



CHAMJEROPS (Greek for dwarf bush). Palmacece, 

 tribe Coryphece. Low, fan-leaved palms, with cespitose 

 caudices branched from the base and clothed with the 

 bases of the leaf-sheaths. Lvs. terminal, rigid, semi 

 orbicular or cuneate-flabillate, deeply laciniate, the lobes 

 narrow, bifid, plicate ; no rachis ; ligule very short ; 

 petiole slender, bi-convex, the margins smooth or 

 rough; sheath split, reticulate, fibrous; spadices short, 

 erect compressed : branches short, densely flowered : 

 spathes 2-4, broad, thickly coriaceous, the lower ones 

 split, the upper entire ; bracts small, subulate ; bractlets 

 none : fls. small, yellow : fr. globose or ovoid, 3-sided 

 toward the base, brown or yellow. Species 2. Mediter- 

 ranean region. The common C. humilis is widely cult., 

 and very variable. Many of the specific-made names of 

 the genus are forms of this species. Of such cases are 

 evidently the garden names G. arborescens, argentea, 

 Canariensis, elata, elegans, farinosa, gracilis, litto- 

 ralis, nivea. 



Fibrous loam two parts, leaf -mold and sand one part, 

 with good drainage. Prop, by suckers and by seeds. 

 These are among the hardiest of all palms, and are well 

 suited to greenhouses where a high temperature is not 

 kept up. 



humilis, Linn. (Phoenix Rancedna, Hort.). Fig. 421. 

 Stem 1-1% ft. high : Ivs. ragged, fibrous ; margins of 

 the petioles armed with stout, straight or hooked spines ; 

 blade suborbicular, truncate or cuneate at the base, 

 rigid, palmately multifid ; segments acuminate, bifid. 

 Mediterranean. B.M. 2152. R.H. 1892:84 (showing 

 habit and a colored plate of the fruit). Reaches 20 ft. 



421. Chamaerops humilis. 



C. Biroo, Sieb.=Livistona rotundifolia. C. Byrrho, Hort.= 

 Livistona rotundifolia. C. excelsa, Thunb.=Trachycarpus ex- 

 celsus. C. Fortunei, Hook.=Trachycarpus. C. humilis X 

 Hystrix, Hort. Said to be a "choice garden hybrid of Florida 

 origin." C. Hystrix, Fras.=Rhapidophyllum Hystrix. O. 

 stauracantha, Hort.=Acanthorhiza aculeata. 



JARED G. SMITH and G. W. OLIVER. 



CHAMOMILE. Consult Anthemis 



CHAPMAN, JONATHAN. See Appleseed, Johnny. 



CHAPTALIA (J. A. C. Chaptal, agricultural chemist). 

 Gomp6sit.ce. American low perennial herbs, with white 

 or purplish fls. on naked scapes, blooming in spring and 

 summer. Heads radiate, the ray-fls. pistillate, and the 

 disk-fls. perfect, but some or all of them sterile: invo- 

 lucre campanulate or turbinate, of appressed and imbri- 

 cated bracts: pappus of soft capillary bristles: akenes 

 oblong or fusiform, narrowed above, 5-nerved. The only 

 species in the Amer. trade is C. tomentdsa, Vent., of N. 

 Car. and S. Of this the scape is 1 ft. or less high, and 

 the heads are purple-rayed: Ivs. spatulate or lanceolate, 

 entire or nearly so, rather thick, white tomentose be- 

 neath. Introduced as a border plant. 



CHARD (ch pronounced as in charge). A form of the 

 plant (Beta vulgaris) which has produced the common 

 beet. Often known to horticulturists as Beta Cycla. 



