336 



CLIDEMIA 



OLIVIA 



John Saul, has large, oval, pointed Ivs. with 5 strong 

 nerves, and a narrow band of white down each side of 

 the midrib. I.H. 22:219. R.H. 1876, p. 233. 



CLIFF BRAKE. See PeUcea. 



CLIMBERS are distinguished from twiners by having 

 some means of attachment, as tendrils or other special 

 devices, while twiners rise by twisting their stems round 

 their support. In a wider sense the word is often used 

 synonymously with "vines." By "trailers, "nurserymen 

 commonly mean low-growing vines, and by "climbers," 

 taller-growing vines. See Vines. 



CLIMBING FERN. See Lygodium. Climbing Fumi- 

 tory is Adlumia cirrhosa. Climbing Hempweed, Mika- 

 nia scandens. Climbing Lily, Gloriosa superba. 



CLINOSTlGMA (Greek, inclined stigma). Palmacece, 

 tribe Areeece. Spineless, with low or tall, prominently 

 or obscurely ringed trunks: Ivs. terminal, equally pin- 

 natisect ; segments somewhat falcate-lanceolate, broad 

 at the base, plicate, acuminate, the apex bifid or obliquely 

 truncate and dentate, the thick margins scarcely re- 

 curved at the base ; rachis scaly, convex on the back, 

 obtusely keeled above : spadix long : fertile branches 

 long, thick, the floral areas distant : spathes 2-3: fr. 

 globose or subglobose, small, red at maturity. Species 

 3. Australasia and Samoa. 



This graceful and recent palm resembles Howea For- 

 steriana somewhat in habit of growth, but its arching 

 Ivs. spread wider, and its stems are dark purplish, and 

 its pinnae tough and leathery. The palm is free and 

 clean in growth. 



Mooreanum, F. Muell. (Kentia Mooreana, F. Muell.). 

 Dwarf palm, 3-4 ft. high : Ivs. 3-4 ft. long ; segments 

 About 1 ft. long, longitudinally plicate when young. 

 New South Wales. 



JAKED G. SMITH and H. A. SIEBRECHT. 



CLINTONIA (after DeWitt Clinton, the famous Gov- 

 ernor of New York and promoter of the Erie canal). 

 Liliacece. A small genus of low-growing, hardy, herba- 

 ceous plants with a few, tufted, dark green, broad, shin- 

 ing Ivs., and usually umbels of fls. They grow in cool, 

 moist woods, and fanciers can obtain them from some 

 dealers in native plants. It is difficult to tell the species 

 apart by the Ivs. S. Watson, in Proc. Am. Acad. 14:271 

 (1879). For C. pulchella and other species of the aban 

 doned genus Clintonia of Douglass, see Doicningia 



A. Scape bearing an umbel of fls. 



B. Fls. greenish yellow. 

 borealis, Eaf . Height 1-2 ft. : fls. 3-6, nodding, green, 

 margined yellow. Labrador to Winnipeg and south to 

 N. C. D. 123. B.M. 1403 as Smilacina borealis. -This 

 is one of the choicer plants of cool, moist woods, known 

 to plant lovers chiefly by its handsome umbels of blue 

 berries found in autumn, which are borne above the 

 large, dark green, shining Ivs. The commonest species. 



BB. Fls. white, with green spots. 



umbellata, Torr. Fls. 10-20 or more, smaller than in 

 C. borealis, erect or nearly so, white with a green or 

 purplish spot at the tip of each segment. Allegheny 

 Mts. from N. Y. to Ga. B.M. 1155. -This species has 

 the smallest fls. of the group, and is the only one that 

 has but a single pair of ovules in each cell of the ovary. 



BBB. Fls. deep rose. 



Andrewsifcna, Torr. Fls. 20 or more, nearly erect. 

 California, in deep, cool woods, in clayey soil rich in 

 moid. B.M. 7092. The showiest of the group. Cult, by 

 C. Purdy, Ukiah, Calif. 



AA. Scape bearing 1 white flower. 

 unifldra, Kunth. The only species in which the scape 

 is shorter than the Ivs. : fi. nearly erect. Rarely there 

 are 2 fls. Calif, to Brit. Columb. ^ %[ 



CLITdRIA (derivation recondite). Leguminbsce. 

 BUTTERFLY PEA. A wide-spread and variable genus al- 

 lied to Centrosema, and characterized by the calyx tube 

 -being cylindrical and longer than the lobes : standard 



narrowed at the base, not appendaged on the back ; 

 style often bearded. The most important garden plant 

 is C. Ternatea, a warmhouse annual twiner, reaching 

 15 ft., and requiring no special culture. It has very 

 showy blue fls., and lately interest in it has revived. 



A. Leaflets 5. 



Ternatda, Linn. (C. ccerulea, Hort. ). Annual warm- 

 house climber : Ifts. 5, oblong, obtuse, short-petioled : 

 fls. 1 in. or more long, rich blue, with beautiful and va- 

 riable markings, especially on the standard. B.M. 1542. 

 Gn. 38:765. P.M. 7:147 and 13:79. -Name fromTernate, 

 one of the Molucca Islands, and not from ternate, mean- 

 ing 3-leafleted. Prop, by seeds. C. alba, Hort., is a 

 white form. More or less double forms have been known 

 for over a century. 



AA. Leaflets 3. 



Mariana, Linn. Hardy, perennial, smooth, erect, or 

 slightly twining, 1-3 ft. high: Ifts. 3, obovate or ovate- 

 lanceolate: fls. light blue, 2 in. long, on short peduncles : 

 pod straight, few-seeded. Summer. Dry banks, N. Y. 

 to Fla. and west to Mo. Also India and Burma. Rarely 

 sold by dealers in native plants. -^ -^ 



CLlVIA (after a Duchess of Northumberland and 

 member of the Clive family). Syn., Imantophyllum. 

 Amaryllidacece. A genus of 3 species of tender, 

 bulbous plants from South Africa, with handsome ever- 

 green foliage and showy, bright red fls. in large umbels. 

 C. miniata is the best species, and perhaps a dozen 

 varieties and hybrids of it have been offered at various 

 times. The genus is distinguished by its fruit being a 

 berry, its several ovules, and imperfect bulb. J. G. 

 Baker, Amaryllidese, p. 61. Clivias make excellent 

 house plants, but, like Amaryllis, they are too costly to 

 be very popular. They have the advantage over 

 Amaryllis of having attractive foliage all the year 

 round, and are more certain to bloom well. They have 

 thick, fleshy roots, like an Agapanthus. 



496. Clivia miniata. 



All of the species are well worth growing, because of 

 their handsome umbels of flowers, produced during the 

 spring and early summer months. They are evergreen 

 plants of the Amaryllis family, with thick, leathery, 

 strap-shaped leaves. Clivia miniata is the species most 

 commonly grown. There are several distinct forms of 



