CORYDALIS 



CORYLUS 



381 



half the length of the body, somewhat decurveci : cap- 

 sules spreading or pendulous, about 1 in. long ; seeds 

 10-12, turgid, obtuse at margin, the shining surface ob- 

 scurely netted. Rocky banks of Lower Canada and N. 

 New England, northwest to latitude 64, west to Brit. 

 Col. and Ore., south to Tex., Ariz, and Mex.; not Jap. 

 The western forms have the spur almost as long as the 

 body of the corolla and pass into 



Var. occidentalis, Engelm. More erect and tufted, 

 from a stouter and someiimes more enduring root : fls. 

 larger : spur commonly ascending : capsules thicker; 

 seeds less turgid, ncutish at margins. Colo., New Mex., 

 W. Tex., Ariz. Cult, by D.M. Andrews, Boulder, Colo., 

 who considers it biennial. 



curvisiliqua, Engelm. Probably a biennial. Com- 

 monly more robust than C. aurea, ascending or erect, 

 1 ft. high or less: fls. golden yellow, over % in. long, in 

 a spike-like raceme ; spur as long as the body, com- 

 monly ascending : capsules quadrangular, \% in. long ; 

 seeds* turgid to lens-shaped, with acute margins densely 

 and minutely netted. Woods in Tex. Cult, by D. M. 

 Andrews, Boulder, Colo. 



lutea, DC. Erect or spreading, 6-8 in. high, annual, or 

 forming a -tufted stock of several years' duration : Ivs. 

 delicate, pale green, much divided ; segments ovate or 

 wedge-shaped, and 2-3-lobed : fls. pale yellow, about 

 J^in. long, in short racemes; spur short : pod a fourth 

 or third of an inch long. Stony places of S. Eu., and 

 runs wild in Eu. 



C.cdva, Schweigg. & Kort. (probaoly a form of C. tuberosa, 

 DC.) is somewhat larger than C. bulbosa, with pretty fls. vary- 

 ing into purplish and white. Eti. <?. Scouleri. Hook., grows 3 

 ft., and is cult, in some European gardens. W. Amer. 



W. M. 



CORYLOPSIS (Corylus and opsis, likeness; in foliage 

 resembling the Hazel). Hamamelidacece. Deciduous 

 shrubs, rarely trees : Ivs. alternate, deciduous, dentate : 

 fls. in nodding racemes, appearing before the Ivs., yel- 

 low ; petals and stamens 5 : f r. a 2-celled, dehiscent 

 capsule, with 2 shining black seeds. Six species in E. 

 Asia and Himal. Low ornamental shrubs, with slender 

 branches and pale bluish green, distinct foliage ; very 

 attractive in early spring, when covered with yellow, 

 fragrant fls. Not hardy north of New York. They grow 

 best in peaty and sandy soil. Prop, by seeds sown in 

 spring, best with slight bottom heat, and by cuttings of 

 half -ripened wood in summer under glass; also by lay- 

 ers, rooting readily in moderately moist, peaty soil. 



paucifldra, Sieb. & Zucc. Low, much-branched shrub, 

 2-3 ft. r Ivs. obliquely cordate, ovate, sinuate-dentate, 

 ciliate, pubescent and glaucous beneath, 1-2 in. long : 

 racemes 2-3-fld., %-% in. long : fls. light yellow. Jap. 

 S.Z. 20. G.F. 5:342. Gt. 48:1467. 



spicata, Sieb. & Zucc. Shrub, to 4 ft. : Ivs. oblique and 

 rounded or cordate at the base, roundish ovate or obo- 

 vate, sinuate-dentate, glaucous beneath and pubescent, 

 2-334 in. long: racemes 7-10-fld., 1-2 in. long: fls. bright 

 yellow. Jap. S.Z. 19. B.M. 5458. F.S. 20:2135. R.H. 

 1869. p. 230 ; 1878, p. 198. This species has larger and 

 handsomer foliage and fls. of a deeper yellow, in longer 

 racemes, but C. pauci flora flowers more profusely and 

 is somewhat hardier. 



C. Himalayana, Griff. Shrub or small tree, to 20 ft.: Ivs. 

 cordate-ovate, 4-7 in.: racemes 1-2% in. long. Himal. B.M. 



ALFRED REHDER. 



C6KYLUS (ancient Greek name). Cupuliferce, tribe 

 Betulacete. HAZEL. FILBERT. COBNUT. Shrubs, rarely 

 trees : Ivs. alternate, deciduous, stipulate, petioled, ser- 

 rate and more or less pubescent : fls. monoecious, ap- 

 pearing before the Ivs., staminate, in long, pendulous 

 catkins, formed the previous year, and remaining naked 

 during the winter (Fig. 560), each bract bearing 4 di- 

 vided stamens ; pistillate included in a small, scaly bud 

 with only the red styles protruding (Fig. 561) : fr. a nut, 

 included or surrounded by a leafy involucre, usually in 

 clusters at the end of short branches. Eleven species in 

 N. Amer.. Eu. and Asia are described. Numerous va- 

 rieties are cult, in Eu. for their edible nuts. They are 

 also valuable for planting shrubberies, and thrive in al- 

 most any soil. Prop, by seeds sown in fall, or stratified 



and sown in spring ; the varieties usually by suckers, 

 or by layers, put down in fall or spring : they will be 

 rooted the following fall. Budding in summer is some- 

 times practiced for growing standard trees, ana grafting 

 in spring in the greenhouse for scarce varieties. They 

 may also be increased by cuttings of mature wood taken 

 off in fall, kept during the winter in sand or moss in a 

 cellar and planted in spring in a warm and sandy soil. 

 Illustrated monograph of the cultivated varieties by 

 Franz Goeschke, Die Haselnuss 

 (1887). See, also, bulletin on Nut- 

 culture by the IT. S. Dept. of Agr. 



560. Winter catkins 

 of Filbert. 



561. Pistillate 



flowers of 



Corylus rostrata. 



Natural size. 



A. Husk or involucre consisting of two distinct bracts 

 (sometimes partly connate). 



B. Involucre deeply divided into many linear, nearly 

 entire segments, densely beset with glandular 

 hairs. Tree. 



Colurna, Linn. Tree, to 70 ft.: Ivs. deeply cordate, 

 roundish ovate to ovate-oblong, slightly lobed and 

 doubly crenate-serrate, at length nearly glabrous above, 

 pubescent beneath, 3-7 in. long: nut roundish ovate, 

 4-5 in. long. From S. Eu. to Himal. Ornamental tree, 

 with regular pyramidal, head, not quite hardy north. 

 Rarely cult, for the fr. under the name of Filbert of 

 Constantinople or Constantinople nut. 



B. Involucre sparingly glandular, with lanceolate or 

 triangular-dentate lobes: nut slightly compressed. 

 Shrubs. 



Americana, Walt. Fig. 562. Shrub, 3-8 ft.: Ivs. 

 slightly cordate or rounded at the base, broadly ovate 

 or oval, irregularly serrate, sparingly pubescent above, 

 finely tomentose beneath, 3-6 in. long : involucre com- 

 pressed, exceeding the nut, the 2 bracts sometimes more 

 or less connate, with rather short, irregular, toothed 

 lobes : nut roundish ovate, about % in. high. From 

 Canada to Fla. west to Ontario and Dak. B.B. 1:507. 

 Two forms of involucre are shown in Fig. 562. This 

 figure is adapted from the bulletin of the Dept. of Agr. 

 on Nut-culture. 



Avellana, Linn. Figs. 560, 562. Shrub, to 15 ft.: Ivs. 

 slightly cordate, roundish oval or broadly obovate, 

 doubly serrate and often slightly lobed, at length nearly 

 glabrous above, pubescent on the veins beneath : in- 

 volucre shorter than the nut, deeply and irregularly in- 

 cised: nut roundish ovate, %-% in. high. Eu., N. Afr., 

 W. Asia. Var. aurea, Hort. Lvs. yellow. Var. laciniata, 

 Hort. (var. heterophylla, Loud.). Lvs. laciniately in- 

 cised or lobed. Var. pendula, Hort. With pendulous 

 branches. There are also many varieties cultivated for 

 their fruit. 



