386 



COTONEASTER 



COTTON 



winter, while only a few, like the hardy C. multi flora and 

 the tender C. frigida, are conspicuous with abundant 

 white fls. Of the species with decorative red frs., C. 

 tomeniosa, C. mimmularia and C. vulgaris are quite 

 hardy, and C. Simonsi. C. acuminata, C. rot itndi folia, 

 C. microphylla and others are hardy at least as far north 

 as New York, while C '. frigida and its allies are the most 

 tender. The half -evergreen or evergreen C. horizon- 

 tails and C. microphylla, with its allied species, are well 

 adapted for rockeries on account of their low almost 

 horizontal growth. Cotoneasters thrive in any good, well- 

 drained garden soil, but dislike very moist and shady 

 positions. Prop, by seeds, sown in fall or stratified; the 

 evergreen species grow readily from cuttings of half- 

 ripened wood in August under glass ; increased also by 

 layers, put down in fall, or by grafting on C. vulgaris, 

 hawthorn, mountain ash or quince. Monogr. by H. 

 Zabel, Mitteil. Deutsch. Dendrol. Gesellsch., 1897:14-32; 

 1898:37-38. 



A. Foliage deciduous or semi-persistent: fls. usually 

 in cymes. 



B. Fls. with erect petals, usually in few-fid, cymes. 

 c. Lvs. whitish tomentose beneath, deciduous. 



vulgaris. Lindl. ( C. integerrima, Med. ) . Shrub, to 4 ft. : 

 Ivs. ovate or oval, acute or obtuse and mucronulate, gla- 

 brous and dark green above, whitish and at length 

 greenish tomentose beneath, %-2 in. long: cymes nod- 

 ding, 2-4-fld.: fls. pale pinkish; calyx glabrous outside: 

 fr. globular, bright red. May, June. Europe, W. Asia, 

 Siberia. 



tomentosa, Lindl. Shrub, to 6 ft.: Ivs. broadly oval, 

 obtuse, dull green above and pubescent when young, 

 whitish tomentose beneath, 1-2% in. long : fls. 3-12, 

 white; calyx tomentose outside : fr. bright brick-red. 

 June. Eu., W. Asia. Sometimes cult, as C. speciosa, 

 Hort. 



CO. Lvs. green beneath, with appressed hairs, semi- 

 persistent or nearly so: calyx appressed -hairy 

 outside. 



acuminata, Lindl. Erect shrub, to 6 ft. : Ivs. oblong to 

 ovate-oblong, acute, appressed-hairy on both sides, dull 

 above, l%-3 in. long: cymes 2-5-fld., nodding: fls. white 

 or slightly pinkish : fr. deep red, oblong. June. Hima- 

 layas. L.B.C. 10:919 (as Mespilus}. R.H. 1889:348, 

 Fig. 5 (as C. Nepalensis). 



Simonsi, Bak. Shrub, with spreading branches, to 4 ft. : 

 Ivs. roundish oval, acute, glabrous above, %-l in. long, 

 semipersistent: cymes 2-5-fld.: fls. white, slightly pink- 

 ish : fr. bright red. June, July. Himalayas. One of the 

 best red-fruiting, species, often under the name C. Si- 

 mondsii or Symonsi. 



horizontalis, Dene. Low shrub; branches almost hori- 

 zontal and densely distichously branched : Ivs. round- 

 oval, acute at both ends, glabrous above, sparingly 

 setosely hairy beneath, %-%in. long:,, fls. erect, 1-2, pink: 

 fr. oblong, bright red. June. China. R. H. 1889: 348, 

 Fig. 1. One of the most effective fruiting shrubs for 

 rockeries. 



BB. Fls. with spreading petals, in erect, usually 

 many-fid, cymes, white. 



c. Lvs. obtuse or acute, %-!% in. long, deciduous. 



nummularia, Fisch. & Mey. Shrub, to 4 ft., with erect 

 or spreading branches, rarely prostrate: Ivs. roundish 

 or broad ovate, whitish or grayish tomentose beneath, 

 glabrous above : cymes very short-peduncl^d, 3-12-fld. : 

 peduncle and calyx tomentose: fr. red. May, June. From 

 N. Africa and W. Asia to Himalayas and Turkestan. 

 Var. racemiilora, Wenz. (C. Fontanesi, Spach). Lvs. 

 acute at both ends: cymes 5-12-fld. R.H. 1867: 31. Very 

 decorative and hardy. Var. orbicularis, Wenz. Low 

 and divaricate: Ivs. roundish or obovate, %-/4 in- long: 

 cymes 3-6-fld. 



multifldra, Bunge ( C. refUxa, Carr. ) . Shrub, to 6 ft., 

 with usually slender, arching branches : Ivs. broad ovate, 

 usually acute, slightly tomentose beneath, soon becoming 

 glabrous: cymes very numerous, 6-20-fld.: calyx and 

 peduncles glabrous: fr. red. May. Spain, W. Asia to 

 Himalayas and China. R.H. 1892, p. 327. -Very decora- 

 tive in bloom, and hardy, but less free fruiting. 



CO. Lvs. acute, 2-5 in. long, semipersistent. 

 frigida, Wall. Large shrub, to 20 ft. : Ivs. oblong, acute 

 at both ends, glabrous above, tomentose beneath when 

 young: cymes long-peduncled, very many-fld., pubes- 

 cent: fr. scarlet. April, May. Himalayas. B.R. 15:1229. 

 L.B.C. 16:1512. One of the most beaiitiful in fl. and fr. r 

 but not hardy north. 



AA. Foliage persistent, small, %-% in., re volute at the 

 margin: fls. 1-3, with spreading petals, white. 



microphylla, Wall. Low, prostrate shrub, densely 

 branched: Ivs. cuneate oblong or obovate, acute, shining 

 above, densely pubescent beneath: fls. usually solitary; 

 calyx pubescent: fr. bright red. May, June. Himalayas. 

 B.R. 13:1114. L.B.C. 14:1374. R.H. 1889: 348, Fig. 3. 



buxifolia, Wall. Low shrub, similar to the former: Ivs. 

 elliptic-ovate or broad oval, acute, dull and sometimes 

 pubescent above, tomentose beneath, %-% in. long: 

 cymes 1-3-fld.: calyx pubescent: fr. bright red. Hima- 

 layas. R.H. 1889: 348, Fig. 4. 



C. acutifolia, Lindl. Allied to C. acuminata. Lvs. oval, acute, 

 glabrous and somewhat shining above: fr. black. Dahuria to 

 N. China. Hardy. C. affinis, Lindl. Allied to C. frigida. Lvs. 

 broad-elliptic: fr. dark brown, globose. L.B.C. 16:1522. C. an- 

 gustifblia, Franch. Low, often spiny: Ivs. linear lanceolate, 

 tomentose beneath, persistent. Yunnan. C. arborescens, Zab., 

 not Wenz. Allied to C. nummularia. Fr. black. Himalayas. 

 C. badlldris, Wall. Allied to C. frigida. Lvs. smaller, usually 

 glabrous beneath at length: fr. dark brown. Himalayas. O. 

 laxiflbra, Jacq.=C. nigra, var. laxiflora. C. melanocdrpa, Lodd. 

 *=C. nigra. C. nigra, Wahlenh. Allied to C. vulgaris. Cymes 

 erect, 2-10-fld. : fr. black. Europe, Siberia. L.B.C. 16:1531. Var. 

 laxiflora, Koehne. Cymes many-fld., nodding. B.M.3519. B.R. 

 14:1305. Hardy. O. pannbsa, Franch. Three ft.: Ivs. oval- 

 lanceolate or elliptic, whitish beneath, persistent : fr. red. Yun- 

 nan. C. Pekinensis, Zab. Allied to C. acuminata. Lvs. dull 

 and sparingly hairy above: calyx densely pubescent: fr. black. 

 N. China. C. Pyracdntha, Spach=Pyracantha coccinea. C. ro- 

 tundifdlia, Wall. (C. microphylla, var. Uva-ursi, Lindl.) . Allied 

 to C. buxifolia, but of more upright growth. Lvs. nearly orbicu- 

 lar, appressed-hairy beneath: fls. 1-3; calyx glabrous: fr. red. 

 Himalayas. B.R. 14:1187. C. Sinensis, Hort.=C. acutifolia. C. 

 thymifblia, Bak. Allied to C. microphylla. Lvs. cuneate, linear- 

 oblong, obtuse. R.H. 1889:348, Fig.2. C. uniflbra, Bunge. Allied 

 to C. vulgaris. Lvs. glabrous: fls.solitory: fr. red. Songaria. 

 C. Wheeleri, Hort.^ 3 C. buxifolia, or C. nummularia, var. or- 

 bicularis. ALFRED REHDER, 



COTTON belongs to the genus Gossypium (name used 

 by Pliny), of the Malvaceae. The species are now much 

 confused, but it is generaly agreed that the Sea Island 

 Cotton is of the species O. ^Barbadense, Linn. The up- 



565. A Cotton boll. 



land Cotton is probably derived chiefly or wholly from 

 G. herbaceum, Linn. The former is native in the West 

 Indies. The nativity of the latter is in dispute, but it 

 is probably Asian. The Cotton flower is mallow-like, with 

 a subtending involucre of 3 large heart-shaped bracts. 



