430 



CYPERUS 



CYPRESS 



Papyrus, Linn. ( Papyrus Antiqudritm,Willd. ) . EGYP- 

 TIAN PAPER-PLANT. Strict, tall and stout, 4-8 ft. high, 

 dark-green: stem obtusely 3-angled, smooth: involucral 

 Ivs. only 3-10, small, 3-6 in. long, %->a in. wide, linear, 

 acute : primary rays of the umbel very numerous, terete, 

 slender, equal and drooping, 10-16 in. long: secondary 

 bracts prominent, filiform, 2-6 in. long: spikes clustered 

 and sessile, pale chestnut : rachis wingless. Egypt, 

 Palestine. For aquaria and damp soil. Not hardy. 



AA. Basal sJieaths blade-bearing. 

 B. Lower Ivs. few, very broad and conduplicate. 



Natalensis, Hochst. Stem 2% ft. high, smooth, with 

 1-3 leaf -bearing sheaths and several leafless ones at the 

 base: involucre 2-3-lvd., short: rays of the umbel short, 

 unequal : spikes much congested, numerous, linear- 

 lanceolate, acuminate, pale brown, 10-12-fld. : rachis 

 winged: scales oblong-ovate, obtuse. South Africa. 

 Decorative. Not hardy. 



!6rtilis, Borck. Stem short, slender, 4-5 in. high, 

 3-angled: Ivs. numerous, thin and broad, 4-9 lines wide, 

 6 in. long, equaling the stem, linear-lanceolate, folded 

 below, dotted, margin denticulate: umbel simple, 5-7- 

 rayed: rays elongated, pendulous, often rooting at the 

 apex, 1-2 ft. long: involucral bracts short: spikelets 

 crowded, oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, slightly compressed, 

 white. Central Africa. Recently introduced, and fine 

 for hanging baskets ; the umbel-rays often bear plantlets 

 instead of flowers. 



lucidus, R. Br. Rather stout: stem 1-2 ft. high, terete 

 above : Ivs. numerous, large and broad, spongy-thickened 

 at the base, spinulose-margined : umbel spherical, 6-8 in. 

 in diam. : spikelets dense, digitate, long and linear: 

 scales persistent: axis continuous. Australia. 



BB. Lower Ivs. numerous, narrow and grass-like, 

 flat or nearly so. 



61egans, Linn. (C. Idxus, Lam. and Hort). Stem 

 3-angled, 2-3 ft. high: Ivs. large, broadly linear, numer- 

 ous, spreading, half as long as the culm: involucre short-, 

 spreading, few-lvd. : rays long and slender, unequal, 

 compound: spikes small, distant, oblong, greenish brown, 

 blunt, 6-11-fld. : scales round-elliptic, mucronate. West 

 Indies, Brazil. G. C. II. 2 : 99 ; III. 13 : 41 . - For table 

 decoration. 



strigdsus, Linn. Stout, 1-3 ft. high, sharply 3-angled, 

 base bulbous : Ivs. numerous, long and grass-like, 

 smooth, 2-4 lines wide; involucral similar, 6-12 in. long: 

 rays very unequal, 6 in. or less long: spikes 4-10-fld., 

 awl-shaped, chestnut-brown, densely clustered, at the 

 spike-like (1-1% in. long) tips of the rays. N. Amer. 

 Hardy perennial, used for the borders of aquatic gardens. 



escul6ntus, Linn. CHUFA. Much like the last: root- 

 stock slender and bearing little tubers : spikes pale : 

 akene obovoid. Tropics. Sometimes a weed in sandy 

 fields; also cult, south for the edible tubers. Not hardy. 



pungens, Borck. Stem very short and thick, 1-2 in. 

 long, angled below: Ivs. equaling the stem, rigid: umbel 

 simple, contracted or capitate: spikelets linear-lanceo- 

 late, compressed, shining, straw-colored, 10-18-fld. : invo- 

 lucral bracts 2-4, scarcely 1 in. long. North Africa. 

 Recently introduced. May be used for hanging baskets. 



C. compressus. Linn. Umbel lax: spikes linear-oblong: scales 

 acuminate. Trop. C. flabelliformis, Rottb. t Rare in Amer. 

 trade. Central Africa. Tall and palm-like, used by natives for 

 wickerwork; very ornamental in water gardens. C. rotundus, 

 Linn. NUT-GRASS. COCO-GRASS. Like C.esculentus, but spikes 

 darker and akene linear. Weed in cult, fields. C. strictus, 



K. M. WlEGAND. 



CYPHOMANDRA (from the Greek, referring to the 

 humpishaped anthers). Solanacece. Two dozen S. 

 American spineless shrubs or small trees (essentially 

 herbs in culture in the north), distinguished from So- 

 lanum chiefly by the thickened anthers. The large Ivs. 

 are entire, 3-lobed, or pinnatisect. 



betacea, Sendt. (Solanum frdgrans, Hook.). TREE 

 TOMATO. Fig. 641. Cult, occasionally for the egg- 

 shaped, reddish brown, faintly striped fruits, and un- 

 der such conditions it becomes a tree-shaped, half- 

 woody plant 6-10 ft. high: Ivs. large, soft-pubescent, 

 cordate-ovate; more or less acuminate, entire: fls. small, 



pinkish, fragrant, in small axillary or super-axillary clus- 

 ters: fr. about 2 in. long, on slender stalks, 2-loculed 

 and seedy, musky-acid and tomato-like in flavor, agree- 

 able to those who like tomatoes. Brazil. B.M. 3684. J. 

 H. III. 31:470. G.C. III. 25:105. A.G. 11:409. Bears 



641. Cyphomandra betacea (X 



the second and third year from seed, under glass (where 

 it must be grown in the northern states ) . For further 

 notes, see Bailey, Forcing-Book. ^ jj_ B. 



CYPHOPHffiNIX, (hump and Phoenix, a palm). Pal- 

 mdcce, tribe Arecece. A genus of only 2 species of 

 palms of minor importance. Spineless palms with a stout, 

 ringed caudex. Leaves terminal, pinnatisect, the seg- 

 ments coriaceous, elongated, sword-shaped, narrowed to- 

 ward the apex, the margins thickened, plicate, recurved at 

 the base ; the prominent nerves and midrib sparsely scaly 

 beneath; rachis stout, rather broad, slightly convex on 

 the back, acute above: spadices glabrous, the branches 

 long, stout : bracts short; bractlets scaly ; fr. dark 

 brown, medium, long-ovoid or ellipsoid, lentiform. Spe- 

 cies 2. New Caledonia. 



elegans, Benth. & [Hook. (Kentia tlegans, Brongn. 

 &Gris.). Rachis convex below, flat above; leaflets 

 alternate, approximate, scaly along the mid-nerve below: 

 fr. oblong-elliptical, acute. 



fulclta, Benth. & Hook. (Kentia fulclta, Brongn.). 

 Stem clothed at the base with smooth aerial roots : fr. 

 ovoid, attenuate above. 



CYPHOSPERMA (Greek, hump and seed). Palma- 

 cece, tribe Arecece. Two Australian warmhouse palms, 

 scarcely known in this country. C. Viellardii, Benth. 

 & Hook., with pinnatisect Ivs., and long-ensiform cori- 

 aceous segments, is sometimes known as Kentia robttsta 

 and K. Viellardii. Culture of Areca and Ptychosperma. 



CYPRESS. See Chamcecyparis, Cupressus and Taxo- 

 dium. 



CYPRESS VINE. See Ipomcea. 



