508 



DRYNARIA 



DRYOPTERIS 



DHYNARIA (Greek, oak-like). Polypodiacece. A 

 genus of 10 or more East Indian ferns, with round naked 

 sori, allied to Polypodium, but with a fine net-work of 

 veins, with free included veinlets, and with either a 

 separate oak-like leaf or with the lower portion of the 

 spur-bearing leaf deeply pimiatifid like an oak leaf. D. 

 quercifolia, with two sorts of Ivs.. the spore-bearing 

 2-3 ft. long, is the commonest species. D. rigidula, 

 Sw. (D. diversifblia, R. Br.), a similar but larger 

 species from the same region, also appeared at one time 

 in the American trade, but the species are seldom seen 

 in cultivation in this country. D. muscefblia is occa- 

 sionally seen in fine collections, where it is grown 

 for its striking, simple foliage, which reminds one 

 of the Bird's Nest Fern (Thamnopteris). It is really a 

 Polypodium, which see for description. 



L. M. UNDERWOOD. 



DRY6PTEKIS (Greek, oak-fern). Polypodiacece. 

 WOOD FERN. A widely distributed genus of handsome 

 ferns with dissected foliage and bearing round sori 

 covered with heart-shaped or reniform indusia, which 

 are fixed at the center or along the sinus. The veins 

 are either wholly free or the lowest united. A consider- 

 able number of our common wood ferns belong to this 

 genus. The species have been variously known under 

 the names Lastrea, Aspidium, and Nephrodium. Other 

 species sometimes referred to under this genus may be 

 found under Polystichum. For D. acrostichoides, see 

 Polystichum ; for D. decurrens, see Sagenia. In North 

 America, known mostly as Aspidiums. For culture, see 

 Ferns. Not the same as Doryopteris. 



A. Veins entirely free. 

 B. Pinnce lobed less than one-third to midrib. 



hirtipes, Kuntze (Nephrbdium hirtipes, Hook.). Lvs. 

 2-3 ft. long, 8-16 in. broad, on stalks clothed with dense 

 black scales ; pinnae with broad, blunt lobes, the lower 

 ones not reduced in size : sori medial on the lobes. In- 

 dia. 



BB. Pinnce cleft nearly to midrib, or Ivs. bipinnate 



or tripinnatifid. 

 C. Texture thin, membranous ; veins simple or once 



forked. 

 D. Lower pinnce gradually reduced to mere lobes. 



Noveborac6nsis,Gray(.4sp{cZnm Noveboractnse, Sw. ). 

 Lvs. somewhat clustered from creeping rootstocks, pale 

 green, 1-2 ft. long, tapering both ways from the middle. 

 Canada to N. C. and Ark. 



Fischeri, Mett (Lastrea opdca, Mett). Lvs. 6-8 in. 

 long, 2-3 in. wide, bipinnatifid, cut into close, entire 

 lobes, the lowest much reduced; surfaces smooth. Braz. 



DD. Lower pinnce scarcely smaller than those above. 

 E. Veins forked. 



Thelypteris, Gray (Aspidium Thelypteris, Sw.). 

 MARSH FERN. Lvs. scattered on wide creeping black 

 rootstocks, 1-2 ft. long ; margins of the spore-bearing 

 pinnae often strongly convolute: sori 10-12 to each seg- 

 ment. Canada to Fla. and Tex. 



EE. Veins simple. 



simulata, Dav. Lvs. scattered from a creeping root- 

 stock, 8-20 in. long, 2-7 in. wide, with 12-20 pairs of 

 lanceolate pinnae : sori rather large, somewhat distant, 

 4-10 to each segment. Native in N. Y. and N. Eng., 

 where it is often confused with D. Thelypteris. G.F. 

 9:485. 



patens, Kuntze. Lvs. clustered at the end of a thick 

 rootstock, 2-3 ft. long, 4-10 in. wide, soft-hairy be- 

 neath ; pinnae cut three-fourths to the midrib, the basal 

 segments usually longer. Fla. to Tex. and Trop. Amer. 

 A.G. 20:25. 



CO Texture firm or subcoriaceous ; veins 2-4 times 



forked. 



D. Lvs. bipinnatifid or nearly bipinnate: indusia 

 large, mostly flat. 



cristata, Gray (Aspidium cristdtum, Sw.). Lvs. 1-2 

 ft. iong, with short, triangular pinnae 2-3 in. long, which 



are much wider at base. Var. Clintoniana is larger, 

 with pinnae 4-6 in. long, and with the sori rather near 

 the midvein. Canada to Ark.; also in N. Eu. Hybrids 

 are described with D. marginalis. G.F. 9:445. 



Goldieana, Gray (Aspid ium Goldieanum,Svf.). Lvs. 

 growing in large crowns, 2-4 ft. long, 12-18 in. wide, the 

 pinnae broadest at the middle : indusia very large. 

 Canada to Ky. One of our largest and most stately na- 

 tive species. 



DD. Lvs. mostly bipinnate: indtisia convex, rather 

 firm. 



Filix-mas, Schott (Aspidium Fllix-mds, Sw.). MALE 

 FERN. Lvs. growing in crowns, 1-3 ft. long, sori near 

 the midvein. Used as a vermifuge, as is also the next 

 species. N. Eu., Canada and Colo. 



743. Dryopteris marginalis. 



marginalis, Gray (Aspidium marginale, Sw.). Fig. 

 743. Lvs. 6 in. to 2 ft. long, growing in crowns, mostly 

 in rocky places: sori close to the margin. Canada and 

 southward. One of our commonest ferns. 



DDD. Lvs. mostly tripinnatifid ; segments spinulose- 

 toothed : indusia shriveling at maturity. 



E. Leaf-stalks naked, polished. ^ 



virid6scens, Kuntze. Lvs. 18-24 in. long, on stalks 

 two-thirds as long; lower pinnae largest: sori near the 

 midribs. Japan. 



EE. Leaf-stalks scaly. 



spinuldsa, Kuntze (Aspidium spinulbsum, Sw.). 

 Lvs. ovate-lanceolate, with a few pale, deciduous scales 

 at the base : indusia smooth, without marginal glands. 

 Var. intermedia, Underw., has more persistent scales, 

 with a brown center, and the margins of the indusia 

 with stalked glands. One of our commonest wood ferns 

 in the northern states. Var. dilatata, Underw., has 

 similar scales to the last and tripinnate Ivs. In woods, 

 from Canada to Ore. ; also in Europe. 



Bodttii, Underw. (Aspidium Bobttii, Tuckm.). Lvs. 

 elongate-lanceolate, with broadly oblong pinnules : in- 

 dusia minutely glandular. Canada, N. Y. and N. Eng. 



DDDD. Lvs. ample, 4-5-pinnatifid. 



effusa, Kuntze. Lvs. 3-4 ft. long, 2 ft. or more wide,, 

 with polished stems and short, creeping rootstocks : 

 sori abundant, scattered, often without indusia. Cuba 

 to Brazil. 



dissecta, Kuntze (Lastrea membranifblia, Hort.). 

 Lvs. 1-5 ft. long, 1-3 ft. wide, membranous, decompound; 

 segments broad and blunt; surfaces nearly naked: sori 

 near the margin, abundant. India and Madagascar to 

 Australia. 



AA. Veins not entirely free, the lower veinlets of adjoin- 

 ing segments united. 



Otaria, Kuntze (Lastrea aristata, Hort.). Lvs. 1 ft. 

 long, with a long terminal pinnae an inch or more wide, 

 with lanceolate lobes, and 6-12 similar lateral pinnae; 

 texture thin ; surfaces naked ; veins united half way' 

 from the midrib to the edge. Ceylon to the Philippines. 

 Good for table ferneries, but slow of growth. 



