514 ECHINOCACTUS 



3 upper and 3 lower purplish brown an d strai g htish ( the 

 lower ones sometimes more or less hooked) , . ur-nr ins 

 o 1 in long the 2-6 laterals more slender, longer 



and two fifths in.), often flattened, puberulent and 

 flexuous or hooked; central spines 

 purplish variegated), the 3 

 " tngled, erect and 



even "channeled, straw-color, uc^o, - ~ 

 hooked (sometimes straight), 2-4 in lon S; J ow " [^ 

 low 2-3 in. long. Texas, Arizona, and northern Mexico. 

 7'uncinatus, Gal. Glaucescent, globose to oblong: 

 ribs 13, obtuse, tuberculate-interrupted: radial spines 

 7 or 8 1-2 in long the upper 4 or 5 straw-color, straight, 

 flattened Se lower 3 publish, terete and hooked; cen- 

 trals 4 the upper 3 rather stout and straight, about 1 

 long the lowest one very long, flattened hooked at 

 apex: flowers brownish purple. Northern Mexico 



8 Whfpplei, Engelm. Globose-ovate, 3-5 m. high, 

 2-4 in in diam.: ribs 13-15 (often oblique), compressed 

 and tuberculately interrupted: radial SP 1 ? 16 * U * U ^J '' 

 compressed, straight or slightly recurved, A to t ee- 

 fifths in. long, lower ones shorter than the others al 

 white excepting the two darker lowest laterals; central 

 spines 4, widely divergent, the uppermost one flattened, 

 straight and white, 1 to one and three-fifths in. long, 

 turned upward in the plane of the radials (completing 

 the circle of radials), the others a little shorter, quad- 

 rangular-compressed, dark brown or black, becoming, 

 reddish and finally ashy, the 2 laterals straight, the 

 lowest one stouter and sharply hooked downward: 

 flower greenish red. Northern Arizona. 



BBB. Central spines 5 to 8. 



9 cornigerus, DC. Globose or depressed - globose, 

 10-16 in. in diam.: ribs about 21, very acute and wavy 

 Knot tuberculately interrupted): radial spines 6 

 white and comparatively slender, or wanting; centrals 

 red and very robust, angular-compressed, with long, 

 sharp, horny tips, the upper 3 erect-spreading, 1-1 A m. 

 long; the lower 2 weaker and declined, the central one 

 longer, more rigid and keeled, very broad (one-fifth to 

 one third in.) and hooked downward: flowers purple, 

 1-1 Y* in. long. Mexico and Central America. 



10. polyancistrus, Engelm. & Bigel. Ovate or at 

 length subcylindric, becoming 4-10 in. high and 3-4 in. 

 in diam.: ribs 13-17, obtuse, tuberculately interrupted; 

 radial spines 20 or more, compressed and white, the up- 

 permost wanting, the 4 upper ones broader and longer 

 .(1-2 in.) and dusky-tipped, the laterals shorter (four- 

 fifths to one in.), the lowest very short (% in.) and sub- 

 setaceous; central spines of several forms, the upper- 

 most one (rarely a second similar but smaller one above 

 or beside it) compressed -quadrangular, elongated (3-a 

 in.), white with dusky tip, curved upward, the other 

 5-10 teretish or subangled, bright purple-brown; upper 

 ones long (2-4 in.) and mostly straight, the others gradu- 

 ally shortening (to about 1 in.) downward and sharply 

 hooked: flowers red or yellow, 2 to two and two-fifths 

 in. long and wide. Nevada and southeastern California. 



AA. Spines not hooked. 

 B. Central spines none or indistinct. 



11. Monvillii, Lem., Stout, globose and bright green: 

 ribs 13-17, tuberculate, broadest toward the base, undu- 

 late; tubercles somewhat hexagonal, strongly dilated 

 below: radial spines 9-12, the lower ones somewhat 

 longer, very stout, spreading, yellowish translucent, 

 reddish at base ; central wanting: flowers varying from 

 white to yellow and red. Paraguay. 



12. Pfeifferi, Zucc. Oblong-globose, becoming 1-2 ft. 

 high and 1 ft. in diam.: ribs 11-13, compressed and 

 somewhat acute: spines 6, about equal, rigid, straight, 

 divergent or erect, pale transparent yellow with a 

 brownish base; very rarely a solitary central spine. 

 Mexico. 



13. copton6gonus, Lem., var. major, Salm-Dyck. De- 

 pressed, from a large indurated naked napiform base, 

 2-4 in. across the top : ribs 10-15, acute from a broad base, 

 more or less transversely interrupted and sinuous : 

 spines 3, annulate, very stout and erect from deeply 

 sunken areoise, reddish when young, becoming ashy 



ECHINOCACTUS 



grav upper spine stoutest, erect and straight, or 

 flio-htly curved upward, flattened and keeled, and occa- 

 sional y twisted, lk-2 in. long; the two laterals erect- 

 divergent, straight or slightly curved, terete above and 

 somewhat quadrangular below, 1-1 X m. long; all from 

 an abruptly enlarged base: flowers not seen, but said 

 to be small and white, with purplish median lines. 

 Mexico. 



14 multicostatus, Hildmann. Depressed-globose: ribs 

 very numerous, 90 to 120, compressed into thin plates 

 which run vertically or are twisted in every direction: 

 spines exceedingly variable, in some cases wanting en- 

 tirely, in others 3 or 4, short, rigid, and translucent yel- 

 low in others more numerous, larger, and often flattish ; 

 in still other cases very long and flat, interlacing all over 

 the plant; no centrals: flower white, with a broad pur- 

 ple stripe. 



15 capric6rnis, A. Dietr. Globose: ribs about 11, 

 broad, spotted all over with white dots : clusters of 

 spines distant, usually seen only near the apex; spines 

 5-10, long and flexuous; centrals not distinct: flowers 

 large, yellow. Mexico. 



16 Kinconensis, Poselg. Cylindrical, covered with 

 ivory white spines which are tipped with crimson; spines 

 3, with no centrals : flower large, purple-crimson, darker 

 at base. Northern Mexico. 



17 phyllacanthus, Mart. From globose to cylindrical, 

 with depressed vertex, simple or proliferous, two and 

 one-third to three and three-fifths in. broad: ribs 40-oo 

 (sometimes as few as 30), very much crowded and com- 

 pressed, thin, acute, very wavy, continuous or somewhat 

 interrupted: radial spines 5 (sometimes 6 or 7), straight 

 and spreading, the 2 lowest ones white, rigid, one-sixth 

 to one-fourth in. long, half as long as the 2 darker, 

 angled, larger laterals, the uppermost spine thin and 

 broad, channeled above, faintly annulate, flexible, gray- 

 ish pink, three-fifths to 1 in. long; central spines none: 

 flowers small, dirty white. Mexico. 



BB. Central spine solitary (sometimes 2-4 in E. cris- 

 patus, helophorus, and setispinus, or wanting in 

 lophothele). 



c. Ribs less than 13. 



18. leucacanthus, Zucc. Somewhat clavate-cylindrical, 

 pale: ribs 8-10, thick, obtuse, strongly tuberculate, the 

 areolse with strong wool: radial spines 7 or 8, similar, 

 straight, finely pubescent, at first yellowish, at length 

 white; central spine solitary, more or less erect, rarely 

 wanting: flowers light yellow. Mexico. 



19 ornatus, DC. (E. Mirbtlli, Lem.). Subglobose: 

 ribs 8, broad, compressed, vertical, thickly covered with 

 close-set white woolly spots, making the. whole plant 

 almost white: radial spines 7, straight, stout, yellowish 

 or becoming gray; central spine solitary. Mexico. 



20. ingens, Zucc. (E. Visnaga, Hook.). Very large 

 (sometimes as much as 10 ft. high and as much in cir- 

 cumference), globose or oblong, purplish toward the top: 

 ribs 8, obtuse, tuberculate: areolse large, distant, with 

 very copious yellowish wool: radial spines 8 or more; 

 central spine solitary; all the spines shaded yellow and 

 red or brownish, straight, rigid, and interwoven: flow- 

 ers bright yellow, about 3 in. broad. Mexico. 



21. horizonthaldnius, Lem. Glaucous, depressed-glo- 

 bose or at length ovate or even cylindric with age, 2-8 

 in. high, 2K-4 in. in diam.: ribs 8-10 (fewer in very 

 young specimens), often spirally arranged, the tubercles 

 scarcely distinct by inconspicuous transverse grooves: 

 spines 6-9, stout, compressed, reddish (at length ashy), 

 recurved or sometimes almost straight, nearly equal, 

 f our- fifths to 1% in. long (sometimes long and slender 

 and almost terete, sometimes short, stout and broad); 

 radials 5-8, upper ones weaker, lowest wanting; a single 

 stouter decurved central (sometimes wanting): flowers 

 pale rose-purple, 2X in. long or more. New Mexico and 

 northern Mexico. 



cc. Ribs 13-27. 



22. electracanthus, Lem. Globose or thick cylindrical, 

 becoming 2 ft. high and 1 ft. in diam.: ribs about 15: 

 radial spines about 8, equal, rigid, spreading, yellowish, 

 about 1 in. long; the central one solitary, red at base: 

 flowers clear yellow. Mexico. 



