ECHINOPSIS 



EGGPLANT 



521 



white: fr, small, ellipsoidal, about 1 in. long. S. Braz., 

 Uruguay and Argentine Republic. B.M. 3411. B.B. 

 20:1707. 



gemmata, K. Sch. (E. turbinata, Zucc.). Fig. 749. 

 Stem simple or sometimes branching, at first low 

 spherical or short columnar, later more top-shaped, 

 reaching 1 ft. in height by 4-6 in. in diam., dark green: 

 ribs 13-14, rarely more, straight or sometimes slightly 

 spiral with sharp or obtuse margins, which are but lit- 

 tle or not at all undulate; central spines appear first, 

 about 3-6 in number, very short, stiff, black ; later the 

 radials appear, about 10-14, longer, horizontally spread- 

 ing, at first yellowish brown, later horn-colored : fls. 

 lateral or from the upper areolse, 9-10 in. long, clear 

 white, with a pale greenish midline in the petals. S. 

 Braz. 



tubifldra, Zucc. (K. Duvdlii, Hort. E. Zuccarinii, 

 PfeiffO. Stems spherical to ellipsoidal, at first simple 

 but later more or less branching, reaching 10 in. in 

 height by 8 in. in diam., dark green : ribs 11-12, 

 straight, with margins inconspicuously undulate : radial 

 spines numerous, sometimes as many as 20, unequal, 

 horizontally or obliquely spreading, yellowish white 

 with brown tips, sometimes darker ; centrals 3-4, the 

 lowest the longest, reaching %in., later deflexed: fls. 

 lateral, about 14 in. long, white with pale green midline 

 in the petals. 'S. Braz. and Uruguay. B.M. 3627. 



Echinopsis Mullen is a horticultural name only. 



C. H. THOMPSON. 



ECHIN0STACHYS (spiny head, from the Greek). A 

 bromeliaceous genus, now referred by Mez to ^chmea, 

 which see. Three species have been offered in the 

 Amer. trade: E. Hystrix, Wittm., for which see p. 28. 

 E. Fineliana, Wittm., which is JR. Pineliana, Baker: 

 2-3 ft.: peduncle and bracts brilliant red: Ivs. banded, 

 spine-edged: spike dense, 2 in. long, spiny: petals 

 yellow, the tips fringed and incurved. Brazil. B.M. 5321. 

 E. Van Houtteana, Van Houtte, is JE. Van Houtteana, 

 Mez (Quesnelia Vhn Houtteana, Morr. ). Lvs. many, 

 strong spined, sometimes white-banded beneath : fls. 

 white, blue-tipped, in a crowded spike: 1-2 ft, Brazil. 



L. H. B. 



ECHlTES (Greek, viper; possibly from its poisonous 

 milky juice or from its twining habit). Apocynacece. A 

 large" genus of tropical American twiners related to 

 Dipladenia, and of similar culture. Differs technically 

 from Dipladenia in the 5-lobed disk and the glandular 

 or 5-scaled calyx. 



Andrews!!, Chapman (E. subertcta, And. ) . Lvs. l%-2 

 in. long, close together, oval or oblong, mucronate, acute 

 or rounded at the base, margins revolute: peduncles 

 axillary, 3-5-fld., shorter than the Ivs.: fls. yellow; 

 corolla tube 1 in. long, %in. wide, much dilated above 

 the insertion of the stamens, bell-shaped, scarcely longer 

 than the lobes ; anthers tapering into a long, bristle-like 

 awn: glands of the nectary 5, rounded, as long as the 

 ovaries. Sandy shores, S. Fla. W. Indies. 



paluddsa, Vahl. Lvs. oblong, oval-oblong, or lanceo- 

 late-oblong, rounded toward the mucronate top: calyx 

 segments glandular, devoid of an interior scale, oblong, 

 mucronate-blunt, spreading; corolla tube funnel-shaped 

 above a cylindrical base ; anthers oblong-lanceolate, 

 acuminate, rounded-cordate at the base, hirsute on the 

 back above. 



umbellata, Jacq. Lvs. ovate or ovate-roundish, mucro- 

 nate: fls. greenish white; calyx segments glandular, 

 devoid of an interior scale; corolla tube cylindrical, en- 

 larged below the middle, tapering again above; anthers 

 rigid, tapering from a hastate base, glabrous. W. Indies. 



W. M. 



ECHIUM (Greek, meaning unknown) . Borraginaceop. 

 VIPER'S BUGLOSS. Coarse herbs and shrubs, with spikes 

 of blue, violet, red or white flowers. Their nearest ally 

 of garden value is Cerinthe, but they are very distinct 

 in general appearance. E. fastuosum, for instance, has 

 dark blue, 5-lobed flowers about half an inch across, in 

 spikes 6 inches long and 2 inches wide, perhaps as many 

 as 200 fls. in a spike. Great masses of stamens are thrust 

 out and add to the interest, and the young flower-buds 

 look like pink 5-pointed stars. Three kinds are cult, out- 



doors in California. There being no published American 

 experience with their cultivation under glass, the follow- 

 ing points are gleaned from The Garden 42, p. 884 ( 1892) . 

 In rich soil they grow coarse and scarcely flower, and 

 the flowers are never as richly colored as when the plants 

 are more or less starved. Biennials seed freely, and the 

 seed is sown as soon as gathered. E. callithyrsum is a 

 greenhouse shrub or small tree which produces hundreds 

 of spikes during summer. After flowering "the old 

 stems or branches are cut back, when the plant breaks 

 away again, and in this way may be had in bloom almost 

 at will." Cuttings strike freely, flower soon, and make 

 good pot-plants. Seedlings require a greater age and 

 size before blooming. E. fastuosum is the handsomest 

 of the shrubby kinds, grows 2-4 ft. high, has long, pale 

 green Ivs., covered with soft white hairs, and fls of a 

 peculiarly brilliant deep blue. In California, Franceschi 

 says, Echiums are eminently suited for dry places, and 

 need good drainage. E. vulgare is a common weed in 

 the East. 



A. Fls. dark blue. 



candicans, Linn, f (E. fastubsum, Jacq. f., not Ait.). 

 Forms a bush 3 ft. high, but flowers at 3 ft., and its 

 foliage is green when fresh, hoary white when dry. 

 Branches thick, leafy toward the tips: Ivs. lanceolate, 

 the upper ones smaller, crowded and narrower: panicles 

 much looser than the spikes of E. fastuosum: fls. ses- 

 sile, pale blue, the buds reddish purple. Madeira. B.M. 

 6868. B.R. 1:44. The fls. are sometimes said to be 

 streaked with white or all white. 



AA. Fls. pale blue. 



fastudsum, Ait., not Jacq. This has darker blue fls. 

 in a dense spike and perhaps less hoary foliage than E. 

 candicans. This was Hooker's conception in 1886 of the 

 relation of the two species, but De Candolle formerly held 

 the opposite opinion. Canaries. R.H. 1876:10. Gn. 10:50. 



AAA. Fls. white. 



simplex, DC. Woody but biennial and not branched: 

 Ivs. ample, oval- lanceolate: panicle very long, cylindri- 

 cal, spike-like, the spikelets 2-fld., pedicelled: stigmas 

 simple. w M 



EDELWEISS. See Leontopodium. 



EDGEW0BTHIA (after M. P. Edgeworth, English 

 botanist in E. Indies, and his sister Maria). Deciduous 

 shrub, with stout branches: Ivs. alternate, entire, short - 

 petioled, crowded at the end of the branches : fls. in dense, 

 peduncled heads, axillary, on branches of the previous 

 year, with or before the Ivs., apetalous ; perianth tubular, 

 4-lobed, densely pubescent outside ; stamens 8, in 2 rows ; 

 stigma elongated: fr. a dry drupe. One species from 

 Himal. to Japan, the bark of which is used for paper- 

 making. Ornamental shrub, with handsome foliage and 

 yellow, fragrant fls. Hardy only South, thriving in any 

 good, well-drained garden soil; if grown in pots a sandy 

 compost of peat and loam, with sufficient drainage given, 

 will suit them. Prop, by greenwood cuttings in spring 

 under glass; also by seeds, obtained from dealers in 

 Japanese plants. Belongs to Thymelceacew. 



Gardner!, Meissn. (E. papyrifera, Zucc. E. chry- 

 sdntha, Lindl.). Lvs. elliptic or oblong-lanceolate, ap- 

 pressed pubescent when young, glabrous above at length, 

 3-8 in. long: fls. about 1 in. long, densely clothed with 

 yellowish silky hairs outside, in dense heads about 2 in. 

 in diam. B.M. 7180. B.R. 33:48. F.S. 3:289.-Cannot 

 withstand the long, dry summers South. 



ALFRED REHDER. 



EDRAIANTHUS. See Wahlenbergia. 



EDWAEDSIA. The leguminous genus of this name 

 is now included in Sophora. 



EEL- GRASS. Vallisneria spiralis. 



EGGPLANT (Solanum Melongena, Linn.). Soland- 

 cece. GUINEA SQUASH. AUBERGINE of the French. This 

 plant is a native of the tropics, probably from the East 

 Indies, but its native land is not known. It is cultivated 

 to a greater or less extent throughout the entire tropical 



