ELYMUS 



ENCEPHALARTOS 



529 



ELYMUS (Greek, rolled up or enveloped). Gra- 

 minefe. LYME GRASS. WILD RYE. Erect perennial 

 grasses, with flat or convolute Ivs. and closely-fld. termi- 

 nal spikes: spikelets 2-6-fld., often long-awned, the up- 

 pennost imperfect, sessile, in pairs (rarely in 3's or 4's), 

 at the alternate notches of the continuous or articulate 

 rachis, forming terminal spikes; empty glumes acute 

 or awn-pointed, persistent and subtending the fls. 

 like an involucre. Species about 20, in the temperate 

 regions of Eu., Asia and N. Amer. For E. Hystrix, see 

 Asperella. 



arenarius, Linn. SEA LYME GRASS. Stout, coarse 

 perennial, 2-8 ft. high, with strong, creeping rootstocks: 

 Ivs. long, rigid, smooth: spikes dense, terminal, 6-12 in. 

 long; spikelets about 1 in. long and 3-4-fld. One of the 

 best grasses known for binding the drifting sands of 

 our Atlantic and Pacific coasts, especially when com- 

 bined with Beach Grass (see Ammophila arenaria). The 

 seed is also used by the Digger Indians for food. 



Canadensis, Linn. CANADA LYME GRASS. TERREL 

 GRASS. Rather stout, smooth perennial, 3-5 ft. high, 

 with broad, flat Ivs. 6-12 in. long : spikes 4-9 in. long, 

 exserted, nodding; spikelets very rigid, 3-5-fld. : fl.- 

 glumes long-awned. Com- 

 mon in low thickets and 

 along streams in rich, open 

 woods throughout the 

 country. Cult, as an 

 ornamental plant. Var. 

 glaucifdlius, Gray (E. 

 glaucifblius, Hort.), is 

 pale and glaucous through- 

 out, with usually more 

 slender awns. Cult, as an 

 ornamental grass. 



condensatus.Pre si. GIANT 

 RYE GRASS. The largest 

 of the native Rye Grasses, 

 growing to the height of 

 5-10 ft. : culms in dense 

 tufts, stout : spikes 8 in. 

 to 1% ft. long, very vari- 

 able, compact or inter- 

 rupted, bearing branching 

 clusters of spikelets at 

 each joint. Common in 

 the Rocky mountain re- 

 gions and the Pacific slope. 

 Useful for binding the 

 loose sands on railway 

 banks. Cult, as an orna- 

 mental grass. 



glaucus, Regel. A glau- 

 cous-leaved, dense, cespi- 

 tose, hardy perennial grass 

 3-4 ft. high, with very 

 short, smooth Ivs. and 

 erect, elongated spikes : 

 spikelets in 2's, erect, 

 usually 5-fld., densely vil- 

 lous - pubescent, short - 

 awned. Turkestan. Rare- 

 ly in cult, as an ornamen- 

 tal grass. P B> KENNEDY. 



EMlLIA (perhaps a per- 

 sonal name). Compdsitoz. 

 Herbs, perennial or an- 

 nual : related to Senecio, 

 but always without rays: 

 heads rather small, the in- 

 volucre very simple and 

 cup-shaped, with no small 

 outer scales: akenes with 5 acute ciliate angles: florets 

 all perfect. A dozen or more species have been de- 

 scribed from Africa, tropical Asia and Polynesia. One 

 species in common cult. 



flammea, Cass. (E. sagittdta, DC. E. sonchifdlia, 

 Hort., not DC. E. sonchifdlia, Linn., var. sagittdta, 

 Clarke. Cacdlia coccinea, Sims, B.M. 564. C. son- 

 chifdlia, Hort., not Linn. C. sagittdta, Vahl. Se- 



761. Emilia flammea. 



Separate head X %. 



necio sagittdtus, Hoffm.). TASSEL FLOWER. FLORA'S 

 PAINT BRUSH. Fig. 761. A neat annual, erect, 1-2 ft., 

 glabrous or sparsely hairy, the long stems terminated 

 by clusters of small scarlet (golden yellow in the form 

 called Cacdlia lutea, Hort.) heads: Ivs. lance-oblong or 

 ovate-lanceolate, clasping the stem, remotely crenate- 

 dentate: involucre scales much shorter than the florets. 

 E. Ind., Philippines. This much-named annual is one 

 of the commonest garden flowers. It is of the easiest 

 culture in any good soil. Blooms from July until frost, 

 if sown as soon as weather is settled. 



E. purpurea, Cass. (E. sonchifolia, DC., not Hort. Caoalia 

 sonchifolia, Linn. Seneeio sonchifolia, Moench). Radical Ivs. 

 often more or less lyrate, stem Ivs. broader and clasping, the 

 heads fewer in the cluster and the involucre scales nearly as 

 long as the florets. Apparently not in cult, in this country. 



L. H. B. 



EMMENANTHE (Greek, enduring flower; the per- 

 sistent corollas retain their shape when dry like ever- 

 lasting flowers). Hydrophylldcece. Half a dozen an- 

 nual herbs from western North America, of which the 

 most interesting species was introduced to cultivation 

 in 1892, under the name of California Yellow or Golden 

 Bells. It grows 9-12 in. high, forming bushy plants, 

 each branch loaded with broadly bell-shaped, pendulous, 

 unwithering flowers, about half an inch long, of creamy 

 yellow. The general effect of a branch suggests the 

 lily-of-the-valley, but the foliage is pinnatifid. The 

 lasting character of the fl. distinguished the genus from 

 its allies, the nearest of any garden value being Pha- 

 celia. Corolla lobes 5 ; stamens 5; style 2-cut. The spe- 

 cies named below belongs to a section of the genus, 

 with calyx lobes broader downward, and coarsely pitted 

 seeds. All the others have the calyx lobes broader up- 

 wards and the seeds more or less wrinkled transversely. 



pendulifldra, Benth. CALIFORNIA YELLOW OB 

 GOLDEN BELLS. Somewhat sticky, with long or short, 

 soft hairs: Ivs. pinnatifid, lobes numerous, short, 

 somewhat toothed or sharply cut: ovules about 16: 

 seeds 1 line long. Calif. G.C. III. 11:339. w. M. 



EMPETRUM (Greek, en, in, petros, rock ; growing 

 of ten on rocks). Empetrdcece. CROWBERRY. Evergreen, 

 hardy, prostrate or creeping, heath-like shrubs, with 

 small, crowded Ivs., inconspicuous purplish fls., and 

 globose, red or black, edible berries. They grow best in 

 moist, sandy or peaty soil, and are especially handsome 

 for rockeries. Prop, usually by cuttings of nearly rip- 

 ened wood in late summer under glass. One species 

 through the northern hemisphere in mountainous and 

 arctic regions, also in S. America. Lvs. generally lin- 

 ear, thick, alternate : fls. dioecious, small, 1-3 axillary, 

 nearly sessile, 3-merous : fr. a 6-10-seeded drupe. 



nigrum, Linn. Lvs. linear to linear-oblong, glabrous 

 or nearly so, entire, %-% in. long : fls. purplish : fr. 

 black, about one-fifth in. in diam. Var. purpureum, DC. 

 Fr. red. Arctic and boreal N. Am. Var. rubrum, DC. (E. 

 rubrum, Vahl). Young branches and margins of Ivs. 

 villous, hence the plant grayish green: fr. red. Antarc- 

 tic S. Am. B.R. 21:1783. ALFRED REHDER. 



ENCELIA (meaning obscure). Compdsitce. About 20 

 species of American herbs, chiefly western, often woody 

 at base. The following was introduced by Franceschi, 

 Santa Barbara, Calif., and has fls. 2% in. across, with 

 yellow rays and a black disk. Has probably never been 

 tried in the East. 



Cali!6rnica, Nutt. Woody at base, 2-4 ft. high, 

 strong-scented, rather hoary, or becoming green : Ivs. 

 1-2 in. long, ovate to broadly lanceolate, usually entire, 

 indistinctly 3-ribbed from the base, abruptly stalked: 

 rays numerous, 2-4-toothed : seeds obovate, with long, 

 silky hairs on the callous margins and a shallow notch 

 at the tip. 



ENCEPHALARTOS (Greek, en, within, kephale, head, 

 and artos, bread; alluding to the bread-like interior of 

 the trunk ) . Cycaddcece. Grand cycads from tropical and 

 southern Africa, grown chiefly for their splendid ever- 

 green foliage. Nineteen or less species. The finest pic- 

 ture of an Encephalartos in any American periodical is 

 probably that in Garden and Forest 4:209, accompany- 



