530 



ENCEPHALARTOS 



ing an article from William Watson, of Kew, whose re- 

 mfrks are here condensed. These plants are speci aUy 

 suited for large conservatories, the fronds being not 

 easilv injured. They should succeed outdoors bouth. 

 Some of rtie Kew specimens must be nearly a century 

 old. The trunks of some kinds grow only a few inches 

 in many years. The specimen illustrated had ^a stem ^5 

 ft in circumference, nearly 3 ft. high, and crowned t 

 107 leaves, each 3 ft. long, and rigid A whorl new 

 leaves is produced each year the latest one having 34 

 full sized leaves. The whole head was about 1% feet m 

 diameter. Most kinds prefer a sunny, tropical house, 

 but E. brachyphyllus and perhaps others may be grown 

 in a cool greenhouse if kept a little dry in winter. The 

 cones are always interesting and often very decorative. 

 Those of E. villosus are twice as large as a pineapple, 

 orange-yellow, half -revealing the scarlet fruits. 



Cycads are propagated by seeds; also by offsets 

 suckers They a?e llow-growing, except in very warm 

 houses. They like a strong, loamy soil. c wb ^ le ak J?f 

 new growth they need plenty of water. See Oyca8.T\ 

 woolliness of the stem and leaf -segments varies with the 

 age of the plants and of the leaves. 



The pith and central portion of the cones of some 

 species form an article of food among the Kaffirs, hence 

 the common name of Kaffir Bread. The most widely 

 known species in cultivation are E. villosus, E.Alten- 

 ttefett and E. pungens. Though very handsome Cycads, 

 they are bv no means popular. . 



Some other Cycads frequently produce seed in con- 

 servatories, but Encephalartos seldom does, and plants 

 are, therefore, usually imported. Dry trunks, weighing 

 frequently from 50-75 pounds, have been received 

 South Africa. They often remain dormant for a year c 

 more, and do not make ornamental specimens for two c 



m in 6 the" 1 "! ollowing descriptions "rachis" refers to the 

 midrib of the leaf on which the leaflets or segments are 

 borne, and "petiole" means the portion of the leat t 

 low where the leaflets begin. 



A. Leaflets toothed (sometimes entire in No. 1). 



B Petiole 4-angled : foliage glaucous, i.e., covered with 



plum-like "bloom."- 



1 hdrridus, Lehm. Trunk woolly or not: leaflets op- 

 posite or alternate, lanceolate, mostly entire, sometimes 

 toothed. Var. glatica is presumably more glaucous than 

 the type. B.M. 5371. 



BB. Petiole sub-cylindrical: foliage not glaucous, 

 c. Leaves dark green : trunk not woolly. 



2 Altensteinii, Lehm. Leaflets mostly opposite, lan- 

 ceolate B.M. 7162-3. G.C. II. 6:392, 393, 397; III. 

 2:281; 12:489-93. 



cc. Leaves light green: trunk woolly. 



3. villdsus, Lehm. Leaflets opposite or alternate, 

 linear-lanceolate. B.M. 6654. R.H. 1897:36. G.C. II. 

 1:513; 3:400; 7:21; 13:181. 



AA. Leaflets not toothed (except in young Ivs. of Nos. 8 



and 9, and also in No. 1). 



B. Foliage glaucous. 



4. Lehmanni, Lehm. (Cycas Lehmanni, ~H.ori.). Trunk 

 not woolly: rachis and petiole obtusely 4-angled; leaf- 

 lets nearly opposite, narrowly or broadly lanceolate, 

 rarely 1-toothed. Gt. 1865:477. 



BB. Foliage not glaucous. 

 c. Apex of leaflets mostly obtuse, pointless. 



5. longifdlius, Lehm. Trunk not woolly, at length 

 tall: rachis and petiole 4-cornered but flattish above: 

 lowest leaflets often 1-3-toothed, margin somewhat revo- 

 lute: wool soon vanishing from the rachis and leaflets. 

 Var. revolutus, Miq., has the margins more distinctly 

 revolute. Var. angustifdlius has narrower, flat leaflets. 

 Var. Hookeri, DC., has narrowly lanceolate leaflets, not 

 glaucous but intense green, and rachis not woolly. B.M. 

 4903, erroneously named E. Caffer, is referred to this 

 place by a recent specialist, though the leaflets are dis- 

 tinctly pointed in the picture. 



ENDIVE 



cc. Apex of leaflets always strong -pointed. 



D. Form of leaflets linear. 

 E. Margin of leaflets revolute. 



6 cycadifdlius, Lehm. (E. Friderici-Guilielmi, Lehm. 

 E cyladifdlius,. Friderici-Guilielmi, Rod. ) . Trunk 

 woolly at first: rachis and petiole ashy-pubescent: leaf- 

 lets opposite and alternate, linear. I.H. 29:459. B.P; 



4 '209 



BE. Margin of leaflets not revolute. 



1 pungens, Lehm. (Zamia pungens, Ait.). Rachis 

 and petiole glabrous: leaflets long-linear, dark green, 

 rigid, flat, striated beneath. Var. glauca is also sold. 

 DD. Form of leaflets lanceolate. 



E. Bachis glabrous. 



8. Cafier, Miq. (E. Cdffra, Hort.). Petiole 3-angled:. 

 leaflets alternate, narrower at the base, twisted, the 

 younger ones with 1 or 2 teeth. R.H. 1869, p. 233. Not 

 B.M. 4903, which is E. longifolius, var. Hookeri. 



BE. Rachis spidery-pubescent. 



9 Caffer, var. brachyphyllus, DC. (E. brachyphyllus, 

 T ehm ) Rachis and blades of the lower leaflets spidery- 

 pubescent : male cones sessile instead of peduncled. 

 The pmn are erect, and longer and narrower than n 



er 'w. M., P. J. BEKCKMANS and W. H. TAPLIN. 



ENCHOLlKIUM. Consult Tillandsia. 



ENDIVE (Cichdrium 'Undivia). Comp6sitce. See 

 Cichorium. During summer and fall, well-blanched 

 heads of Endive may be found in all our large city 

 markets, and are appreciated to some extent .especially 

 among the foreign part of our population. We seldom 

 see Endive in American home gardens, or m small 

 local markets. In the absence of lettuce during the lat- 

 ter part of the season, Endive serves as an acceptable 



762. Green Curled Endive tied up for blanching. 



salad, and is well worthy of greater attention than it re- 

 ceives, especially as it is of easy culture. Select any 

 ordinary good garden soil. Sow seed thinly m d 

 which need not be more than a foot apart, but thin tl 

 plants promptly to about the same distance in the rows, 

 and keep free from weeds, and also well cultivated and 

 hoed. When the plants have attained nearly their full 

 growth, gather up the leaves and tie them lightly a 

 their tips (Fig. 762). In from two to three weeks time, 

 according to weather conditions, the heart will blanch 

 beautifully, and the plant should then be promptly used 

 or marketed, as decay sets in soon after this stage o1 

 development. The blanching may also be done 

 slipping a large-sized but short tile or piece of tile over 

 each plant, after the leaves are gathered up and helc 

 closely together. 

 The varietal differences are slight, and consist most 



